清华大学外语系 王红利
Part Ⅰ
Listening Comprehension (20 minutes)
Section A
Directions:In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.
Example:You will hear:
M: When shall we start our work, Jane?
W: Tomorrow at 9 o’clock. But we must work quickly, for we have to finish everything before 2 in the afternoon.
Q: For how long can they work?
You will read:
A) 2 hours.
B) 3 hours.
C) 4 hours.
D) 5 hours.
From the conversation we know that the two are talking about some work they will start at 9 o’clock in the morning and have to finish at 2 in the afternoon. Therefore, D)“5 hours” is the correct answer. You should choose ［D］ on the Answer Sheet and mark it with a single line through the center.
Sample Answer ［A］ ［B］［C］ ［D］
1. A) The man can have his camera fixed here.
B) The woman will probably fix the man’s camera herself.
C) The man will buy a new camera.
D) The woman suggests that the camera should have been brought in earlier.
2. A) Jack vacuumed the living room but not the bathroom.
B) Jack cleaned the bathroom but not the living room.
C) Jack cleaned neither the living room nor the bathroom because he is exhausted.
D) Jack cleaned both the living room and the bathroom.
3. A) At the dentist’s.
B) At a grocery.
C) At a lawyer’s.
D) At a psychiatrist’s.
4. A) One student received a higher grade than he did.
B) He will have to take a number of exams later.
C) The test is more difficult than he expected.
D) Several students in his class have received top grade.
5. A) He failed to finish the experiment that day.
B) He hasn’t had time to do the experiment.
C) He did only part of the experiment.
D) The experiment turned out well.
6. A) He does not know who Alice is.
B) He has found a job as a messenger.
C) He does not want to deliver the note.
D) He does not know who Alice is.
7. A) Call the TV station.
B) Look for cats with the man.
C) Meet the man at the cat exhibit.
D) Watch the program on TV.
8. A) Whether the woman needs his help.
B) Whether the woman has any pets.
C) Where the woman is going.
D) Whether the woman can take care of his pet.
9. A) The man hasn’t caused a problem.
B) The man should have returned the book earlier.
C) She will probably won’t do well on the coming Monday’s test.
D) The man should have been more thoughtful.
10.A) The man is asking the woman for help.
B) The man wants to get a new position.
C) The woman is instructing the man how to write a letter application.
D) The man has left the woman a good impression.
Section B
Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear one question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C), and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.
Passage One
11. What is mainly talked about in the passage?
A) How to distinguish people’s faces.
B) How to describe people’s personality.
C) How to distinguish people both inward and outward.
D) How to differ good persons from bad persons.
12.Why is the animal “pigeon” mentioned in the passage?
A) To give an example that both human beings and animals can recognize faces.
B) To tell how a skilled writer could describe all the features of different people.
C) To indicate how pigeons and people look different.
D) To show how faces are like fingers.
13.What does the author of this passage most probably do?
A) Physician. B) Psychologist.
C) Fictional writer.D) Historian.
14.According to the passage, how do people usually classify a person into certain type?
A) His physical appearance and his action.
B) His way of speaking and behaving.
C) His learning and behaviour.
D) His way of acting and thinking.
Passage Two
15. Why are divorces so common at present?
A) Because it is difficult to maintain a marriage.
B) Because people like watching TV programs.
C) Because people prefer freedom to self-discipline.
D) Because our society is permissive towards divorces.
16.Which of the following cannot be sacrificed in a marriage?
A) The freedom to have other sexual relations.
B) The desire to follow every of one’s impulse.
C) The will to keep his or her own income.
D) The wish to be his or her true self.
17.How to maintain a good marriage?
A)A man and a woman should follow every of their own impulse respectively.
B)A good marriage takes some level of compromise between the husband and the wife.
C)A man and a woman should both have to endure dreadful self-sacrifice of the soul. D)A man and a woman should stop growing or changing.
Passage Three
18.Which of the following is the best title of the passage?
A) Types of Loneliness. B) Causes of Loneliness.
C) Solutions to Loneliness.D) Loneliness.
19. Which type of loneliness is NOT mentioned in the passage?
A) Severe loneliness.B) Situational loneliness.
C) Chronic loneliness.D) Temporary loneliness.
20.Why is a person’s social contacts one important factor in loneliness?
A) We need our friends to share similar interests and activities.
B) We need our teachers to guide us.
C) We need co-workers to help us.
D) A lonely person’s popularity may be increased with more social contacts.
Part Ⅱ
Reading Comprehension(35 minutes)
Directions:There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C), and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.
Passage One
Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:
Many of the most damaging and life threatening types of weather torrential rains, severe thunderstorms, and tornadoes（龙卷风）– begin quickly, strike suddenly, and disappear rapidly, destroying small regions while leaving neighbouring areas untouched. Such event as a tornado struck the northeastern section of Edmonton, Alberta, in July 1987. Total damages from the tornado exceeded $250 million, the highest ever for any Canadian storm.
Conventional computer models of the atmosphere have limited value in predicting short lived local storms like the Edmonton tornado, because the available weather data are generally not detailed enough to allow computers to study carefully the subtle（微妙的）atmospheric changes that come before these storms. In most nations, for example, weather-balloon observations are taken just once every twelve hours at locations typically separated by hundreds of miles. With such limited data, conventional forecasting models do a much better job predicting general weather conditions over large regions than they do forecasting specific local events.
Until recently, the observation intensive approach needed for accurate, very short-range forecasts, or “Nowcasts,” was not feasible. The cost of equipping and operating many thousands of conventional weather stations was extremely high, and the difficulties involved in rapidly collecting and processing the raw weather data from such a network were hard to overcome. Fortunately, scientific and technological advances have overcome most of these problems. Radar systems, automated weather instruments, and satellites are all capable of making detailed, nearly continuous observation over large regions at a relatively low cost. Communications satellites can transmit data around the world cheaply and instantaneously, and modern computers can quickly compile and analyze this large volume of weather information. Meteorologists（气象学者）and computer scientists now work together to design computer programs and video equipment capable of transforming raw weather data into words, symbols, and vivid graphic displays that forecasters can interpret easily and quickly. As meteorologists have begun using these new technologies in weather forecasting offices, Nowcasting is becoming a reality.
21.The word “exceeded” in paragraph 1 most probably means ____.
A) added up to B) were more than
C) were about D) were less than
22.Conventional computer models of the atmosphere fails to predict such a short-lived tornado because____.
A) the computer is not used to forecast specific local events
B) the computers are not advanced enough to predict it
C) the weather data people collect are often wrong
D) weather conditions in some small regions are not available
23.According to the passage, the word “Nowcast” (paragraph 3) means ____.
A) a way of collecting raw weather data
B) a forecast which can predict the weather conditions in the small area in an accurate way
C) a network to collect instant weather data
D) a more advanced system of weather observation
24.According to the passage, ____ is the key factor to making “Nowcasts” a reality.A) scientific and technological advances such as radar, or satellites
B) computer scientist
C) meteorologists
D) advanced computer programs
25.According to the author, the passage mainly deals with ____.
A) a tornado in Edmonton, Alberta
B) what’s a “Nowcast”
C) the disadvantage of conventional computer models of the weather forecast
D) a breakthrough in weather forecast
Passage Two
Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage:
Bringing up children is a hard work, and you are often to blame for any bad behavior of your children. If so, Judith Rich Harris has good news for you. Parents, she argues, have no important long-term effects on the development of the personality of their children. Far more important are their playground friends and neighborhood. Ms. Harris takes to hitting the assumption, which has dominated developmental psychology for almost half a century.
Ms. Harris’s attack on the developmentalists’ “nature” argument looks likely to reinforce doubts that the profession was already having. If parents matter, why is it that two adopted children, reared in the same home, are no more similar in personality than two adopted children reared in separate homes? Or that a pair of identical twins, reared in the same home, are no more alike than a pair of identical twins reared in different homes?
Difficult as it is to track the precise effects of parental upbringing, it may be harder to measure the exact influence of the peer（同龄人）group in childhood and adolescence. Ms. Harris points to how children from immigrant homes soon learn not to speak at school in the way their parents speak. But acquiring a language is surely a skill, rather than a characteristic of the sort developmental psychologists hunt for. Certainly it is different from growing up tensely or relaxed, or from learning to be honest or hard-working or generous. Easy though it may be to prove that parents have little impact on those qualities, it will be hard to prove that peers have vastly more.
Moreover, mum and dad surely cannot be ditched completely. Young adults may, as Ms. Harris argues, be keen to appear like their peers. But even in those early years, parents have the power to open doors: they may initially choose the peers with whom their young associate, and pick that influential neighborhood. Moreover, most people suspect that they come to resemble their parents more in middle age, and that people’s child bearing habits may be formed partly by what their parents did. So the balance of influences is probably complicated, as most parents already suspected without being able to demonstrate it scientifically. Even if it turns out that the genes they pass on and the friends their children play with matter as much as affection, discipline and good example, parents are not completely off the hook.
26. According to Ms. Harris, ____.
A) parents are to blame for any bad behavior of their children
B) parents will affect greatly the children’s life in the long run
C) nature rather than nurture has a significant effect on children’s personality development
D) children’s personality is shaped by their friends and neighbors
27.Which of the following views is consistent with what the developmentalists hold?A) Children are more influenced by their peers than by their parents.
B) Twins are quite different if they are reared in two separate families.
C) Identical twins reared in the same home are different in personality.
D) Nurture has a less significant effect on children’s personality development.
28.According to Para. 3, which of the following statements is TRUE?
A) It is harder to track the precise effects of parental upbringing than the exact influence of the peer group in children.
B) Immigrant children tend to discard the way their parents speak quickly when they go to school.
C) It has been proved that peers have more impact on children’s qualities such as to be honest or hard-working or generous.
D) It is easier for children to acquire a language at school than at home.
29.The word “ditched” ( Line 1,Para. 4) could best be replaced by ____.
A) proved B) emphasized
C) compared D) ignored
30. What is the author’s main purpose?
A) To highly praise Ms. Harris’s work.
B) To counter Ms. Harris’s work.
C) To objectively report on Ms. Harris’s work.
D) To critically comment on Ms. Harris’s work.
Passage Three
Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage:
Microsoft is no longer the world’s biggest company by market capitalization. Three other U.S. companies have overtaken the software giant in terms of stock market value. The firm’s value has gone down sharply by 41% so far this year, from nearly $600 billion to $358 billion. Much of the reason for the fall has been the uncertainty prompted by the on-going anti-trust case. It has been overtaken by General Electric, now worth $506 bn, Intel, worth $441 bn and Cisco Systems, $436 bn.
Over the past year Microsoft shares have moved downwards from a high of $120 to $68 in early trading on 7 June. Meanwhile rival Cisco has seen its share price rise by $25 to more than $60 as the company has gained its role in providing the hardware for the Internet. And for most of the year it has been competing with computer chip maker Intel for the second place. Intel’s Pentium chips are widely used in personal computers worldwide.
The company that now holds the title of the world’s biggest company is an industrial giant which makes everything from toasters to jet engines. GE has sales of $110 bn—nearly ten times that of Microsoft and 340,000 employees worldwide. It has seen its profits grow by 15% a year to $11 bn. GE Capital Services, its financial subsidiary, make up nearly half its sales. GE produces power generation systems, locomotive, medical imaging equipment and electrical appliances. It also owns the U.S. television network NBC and its financial news subsidiary, CNBC, and ironically, a joint venture with Microsoft to provide news on the Internet.
Microsoft’s shares now face a further period of uncertainty as the company’s legal battle continues. It could also face difficulty in recruiting and retaining employees whose pay has been boosted by their share options. The Seattle based firm is likely to go to an appeals court on any rulings. It could suffer further losses from lawsuits brought by competitors, who would be able to claim triple（三倍）damages for any losses suffered. And with its energy and resources tied up in the lawsuits, the company may find it difficult to continue to innovate in the future, or move so aggressively to buy up competitors.
31.Microsoft’s shares are devalued drastically owing to ____.
A) fierce competition from rivals
B) its involvement in a lawsuit（诉讼）
C) the court rulings
D) the decrease in sales volume
32.Cisco Systems’ share price has risen considerably ____.
A) after it has overtaken part of Microsoft’s shares
B) after it has beaten Intel and risen to the second place
C) since it has gained a firm footing in the market
D) because it is developing jointly with Microsoft
33.Which is now the second biggest company in the United States?
A) General Electric. B) Intel.
C) Cisco Systems.D) GE Capital Services.
34.Which of the following companies is owned by General Electric and Microsoft together?
A) GE Capital Services.B) NBC.
C) CNBC.D) MSNBC.
35.Why is it difficult for Microsoft to retain employees?
A)Because it faces an uncertain future.
B)Because it will have problem innovating itself.
C)Because it will have problem paying them.
D)Because it may be bought up by its competitors one day.
Passage Four
Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage:
Paradise Lost is Milton’s masterpiece. Its story is taken from the Bible, about “the fall of man”, that is, how Adam and Eve are tempted by Satan to disobey God by eating the forbidden fruit from the Tree of Knowledge, and how they are punished by God and driven out of Paradise. In Milton’s words, the purpose of writing the epic is to “justify the ways of God to men”, but apparently, Milton is uttering his intense hatred of cruelness of the ruler in the poem. By depicting Satan and his followers as well as their fiery utterance and brave actions, Milton is showing a Puritan’s（清教徒的）revolt against the dictator and against the established Catholics and the Anglican Church.
In the poem God is no better than a cruel and selfish ruler, seated on a throne with a group of angels about him singing songs to praise him. His long speeches are not pleasing at all. He is cruel and unjust in punishing Satan. His angels are stupid. But Satan is by far the most striking character in the poem, who rises against God and, though defeated, still persists in his fighting.
Adam and Eve shows Milton’s belief in the power of man. God denies them a chance to pursue for knowledge. It is this longing for knowledge that opens before mankind a wide road to intelligent and active life. It has been noted by many critics that Milton’s revolutionary feelings makes him forget religious doctrines（教条）. The angels who surround the God never think of expressing any opinions of their own, and they never seem to have any opinions of their own. The image of God surrounded by such angels resembles the court of an absolute monarch（君主）. But Satan and his followers, who freely discuss all issues in council, remind us of a Republican Parliament.
36.This passage is most probably ____.
A) a review of Milton’s Paradise Lost
B) an introduction of what Paradise Lost is about
C) a depiction of the cruelness of the British ruler
D) part of an introduction to English literature
37.According to the passage, Milton ____.
A) describes Satan as a Puritan
B) doesn’t believe in God
C) is satisfied with the British ruler
D) calls on people to fight against the dictator
38.In the poem, Satan is described as ____.
A) an evil person
B) contrary to what is depicted in the Bible
C) selfish and cruel devil
D) a stupid ghost
39.Which of the following can NOT be inferred from this passage?
A) If Adam and Eve had not eaten the forbidden fruit, human being would be ignorant until now.
B) God acts like a dictator.
C) Satan and his followers are parliament members in the poem.
D) The angels are depicted as stupid in the poem.
40.According to this passage, Paradise Lost is written for the purpose of ____.A) praising God for the creation of the world
B) criticizing the cruelness of British ruler
C) changing people’s unfavourable impression of Satan
D) expressing his support for the fight of Satan
Part Ⅲ
Vocabulary (20 minutes)
Directions:There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C), and D). Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.
41.It is common knowledge that soldiers have to endure the ____ during a war.
A) relaxation B) reliability
C) reluctanceD) inconvenience
42. They ____ those who didn’t conform to their ideas, and made advantage of those who agreed with them.
A) exploredB) persecuted
C) extendedD) pinched
43.In an attempt to duplicate the painting style of the late 1800’s, amateur photographer Julia Margaret Cameron ____ blurred her images to achieve a softer line.
A) occasionallyB) deliberately
C) abnormallyD) timidly
44.To my great surprise, the sweater I bought last week ____ a great deal after it was washed in hot water.
A) shrankB) decreased
C) lessenedD) reduced
45.Among the deaf and dumb ____ may be carried on by means of the finger alphabet.A) communicationB) calculation
C) transportationD) vision
46.The meeting was ____ over by the mayor to discuss the tax raise in the city.A) presumedB) propelled
C) presidedD) pricked
47.____ of accusing his neighbor of dishonesty, the man hoped that he could avoid blame by apologizing.
A) SureB) Guilty
C) JustifiedD) Pitiful
48.The author of the report is well ____ with the problems in the hospital because he has been working there for many years.
A) informedB) acquainted
C) enlightenedD) advertised
49.At post offices one buys stamps, leaves ____ letters, sends parcels or money orders, etc.
A) registeredB) rejected
C) regulatedD) reflected
50.In this workshop they ____ a vehicle in less than half an hour.
A) ejectB) fabricate
C) assembleD) resemble
51.No matter how little money we have, we should get into the habit of ____some in the bank regularly.
A) layingB) withdrawing
C) puttingD) depositing
52.The lovely picture ____ me of my happy childhood.
A) retainedB) refreshed
C) recollectedD) reminded
53.I couldn’t finish my paper because the computer ____.
A) took downB) broke down
C) tore downD) fell down
54.During the next few weeks the scientists will be discussing the problem of how to ____ and control earthquakes.
A) foretellB) foresee
C) forecastD) forenotice
55. You can’t smoke here; it’s ____.
A) preventedB) ceased
C) prohibitedD) stopped
56.It is useless to attempt to ____ from every danger: some risks must be taken.A) fleeB) hide
C) hesitateD) run
57.The newly-formed United States took as its emblem a bald eagle with ____ wings.A) gracefulB) colorful
C) grandD) outspread
58.From the cheers and shouts of ____, I guessed that she was winning the race.A) stimulusB) heartening
C) encouragementD) urging
59.Only guests of the hotel enjoy the ____ of using the private beach.
A) privilegeB) possibility
C) favorD) advantage
60.Mary usually does things with little care, she is ____.
A) rareB) cautious
C) recklessD) rapt
61. Heavy fog made the morning light ____.
A) brightB) distorted
C) dimD) filthy
62.The travel industry plays a major role in the ____ of business, recreation, and family life.
A) sphereB) scales
C) surplusD) surveys
63.He was dismissed for failing to ____ with the school regulations.
A) accommodateB) comply
C) competeD) apply
64.Some science students reach a high ____of English competence in communication.A) levelB) plane
C) surfaceD) live
65.Everyone should be ____ innocent until it is proved that he is guilty.
A) presumedB) assumed
C) resumedD) consumed
66.The sick person has taken a ____ for the better.
A) coverB) recover
C) changeD) turn
67.Unfortunately he couldn’t ____ for the loss.
A) explainB) call
C) accountD) take
68.Most science-fiction writers seek to persuade readers that the world they have created is ____ and is derived from scientific principles.
A) possibleB) impossible
C) certainlyD) unlikely
69.A guided missile consists basically of a warhead attached to a tube like body. A rocket or a jet engine may ____ the missile.
A) powerB) pull
C) compelD) expel
70.In judging his behavior, I hope that he committee will ____ his stage performance into account.
A) putB) let
C) takeD) make
Part Ⅳ
Short Answer Questions (15 minutes)
Directions: In this part there is a short passage with five questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the fewest possible words (not exceeding 10 words).
The communications explosion is on the scale of the rail, automobile or telephone revolution. Very soon you’ll be able to record your entire life electronically—anything a microphone or a camera can sense you’ll be able to store. In particular, the number of images a person captures in a lifetime is set to rise exponentially. The thousand images a year I take of my children on a digital camera are all precious to me. In a generation’s time, my children’s children will have total image documentation of their entire lives – a visual log of tremendous personal value. By then we’ll be wrestling with another question: how we control all the electronic devices connected to the Internet: trillions of PCs, laptops, palm pilots, cell phones and other gadgets. In Cambridge, we’re already working on millimeter-square computing and sensing devices that can be linked to the Internet through the radio network. This sort of connectivity will expand dramatically as microscopic communications devices become dirt-cheap and multiple. Just imagine what the paint on the wall could do if it had this sort of communications dust in it: change colour, play music, show movies or even speak to you.
Falling costs raise other possibilities too. Because launching space vehicles is about to become very much cheaper, the number of satellites is likely to go up exponentially. There’s lots of space up there so we could have millions of them. And if you have millions of low-orbit satellites you can establish a global communications network that completely does away with towers and masts. If the satellites worked on the cellular principle so you got spatial reuse of frequencies, system capacity would be amazing.
71.How do you characterize the future development of communications?
72.What does the word “images” most probably refer to?
73.What’s the tone of this passage?
74.What will be the price of communications devices like?
75.What will happen to the current towers and masts of future global communications network?
Part Ⅴ
Writing (30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic:“What Do You Think of Challenge?”.
You should write at least 150 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:
1.挑战的意义
2.如何迎接挑战
3.我的看法
答案部分
听力原文
Section A
1.M:I have this camera here that I bought about 12 months ago. But it suddenly doesn’t work.
W:Let me have a look at your sales slip, I am sorry, sir. Your warranty’s expired.
Q:What does the woman mean?
2.W:Jack,it doesn’t look like you’ve vacuumed the living room or cleaned the bathroom.M:No,I haven’t.Ugh.I had the worst day.I am so tired.
Q:What can we learn from the conversation?
3.W:Come along, now. Open your mouth. I can’t give you the injection with your mouth closed, can I?
M:I I I don’t want an injection. I hate needles.
Q:Where is the conversation most probably taking place?
4.W:I heard you were the only one who has got an A on the physics test?
M:No. Quite a few of my classmates have. I don’t think the test is difficult.Q:What does the man imply?
5.W: Have you finished the assignment given by Professor Smith? I don’t think you have much difficulty doing that experiment?
M: No, but I didn’t expect it would take me most of the day.
Q: What does the man mean?
6.W: Could you give this note to Alice?
M: Give this to Alice? What do you think I am? A messenger?
Q: What does the man imply?
7.M: Hey, there will be a program on Channel 4 at eight you might like. It’s about cat.
W: I haven’t heard about it. But you are right, I am interested in it.
Q: What will the woman probably do?
8.W: So you need someone to watch your dogs while you are away?
M: Will that be a problem for you?
Q: What does the man want to know?
9.M: I am sorry I forgot to return your history book last night.
W: It doesn’t matter because the test isn’t until the coming Monday.
Q: What does the woman imply?
10.M: I spent so much time polishing my letter application.
W: It’s worthwhile to make the effort. You know just how important it is to give impression.
Q: What can we learn from the conversation?
Section B
Passage One
Faces, like fingerprints, are unique. Did you ever wonder how it is possible for us to recognize people? Even a skilled writer probably could not describe all the features that make one face different from another. Yet a very young child or even an animal, such as a pigeon can learn to recognize faces. We all take this ability for granted.
We also tell people apart by how they behave. When we talk about someone’s personality, we mean the ways in which he or she acts, speaks, thinks and feels that make that individual different from others.
Like the human face, human personality is very complex. But describing someone’s personality in words is somewhat easier than describing his face. If you were asked to describe what a “nice face” looked like, you probably would have a difficult time doing so. But if you were asked to describe a “nice person,” you might begin to think about someone who was kind considerate, friendly, warm-hearted, and so on.There are many words to describe how a person thinks, feels and acts. An American psychologist found nearly 18,000 English words characterizing differences in people’s behavior. And many of us use this information as a basis for describing, or typing his personality. Bookworms, conservatives, military types:people are described with such terms.
People have always tried to “type” each other. Actors in early Greek drama wore masks to show the audience whether they played the villains’ or the heroes’ role. In fact, the words “person” and “personality” come from the Latin persona, meaning “mask”. Today, most television and movie actors do not wear masks. But we can easily tell the “good guys” from the “bad guys” because the two types differ in appearance as well as in actions.
11.What is mainly talked about in the passage?
12.Why is the animal “pigeon” mentioned in the passage?
13.What does the author of this passage most probably do?
14.According to the passage, how do people usually classify a person into certain type?
Passage Two
A good marriage means growing as a couple but also growing as individuals. This isn’t easy; marriage has always been difficult. Why then are we seeing so many divorces at this time? Yes, our modern social fabric is thin, and yes, the permissiveness of society has created unrealistic expectations and threw the family into disorder. But divorce is so common because people today are unwilling to exercise the self-discipline that marriage requires. They expect easy joy, like the entertainment on TV, the thrill of a good party.
Marriage takes some kind of sacrifice, not dreadful self-sacrifice of the soul, but some level of compromise. Some of one’s fantasies, some of one’s legitimate desires, have to be given up for the value of the marriage itself. “While all martial partners feel shacked at times, it is they who really choose to make the martial ties into confining chains or supporting bonds,” says Dr. Walter. Marriage requires sexual, financial and emotional disciple. A man and a woman cannot follow every impulse, cannot allow them to stop growing or changing.
15.Why are divorces so common at present?
16.Which of the following cannot be sacrificed in a marriage?
17.How to maintain a good marriage?
Passage Three
Most people feel lonely sometimes. But it usually only lasts between a few minutes and a few hours. This kind of loneliness is not serious. In fact, it is quite normal. For some people though, loneliness can last for years. Now researchers say there are three different types of loneliness.
The first kind of loneliness is temporary. This is the most common type. It usually disappears quickly and does not require any special attention. The second kind, situational loneliness, is a natural result of a particular situation—for example, a family problem, the death of a loved one, or moving to a new place. Although this kind of loneliness can cause physical problems, such as headaches and sleeplessness, it usually does not last for more than a year. The third kind of loneliness is the most severe. Unlike the second type, chronic loneliness usually lasts more than two years and has no specific cause. People who experience habitual loneliness have problems socializing and becoming close to others. Unfortunately, many chronically lonely people think there is little or nothing they can do to improve their conditions.Psychologists agree that one important factor in loneliness is a person’s social contacts, e.g., friends, family members, co-workers, etc. We depend on various people for different reasons. For instance, our families give us emotional support, our parents and teachers give us guidance, and our friends share similar interests and activities. However, psychologists have found that, though lonely people may have many social contacts, they sometimes feel they should have more. They question their own popularity.
18.Which of the following is the best title of the passage?
19.Which type of loneliness is NOT mentioned in the passage?
20.Why is a person’s social contacts one important factor in loneliness?
答案与详解
Part Ⅰ
Section A
1.【答案】D。
【详细解答】对话中女生说，保修期已过，言外之意，早一点带来就好了。
2.【答案】C。
【详细解答】
句中男生说，自己没能打扫卫生是因为自己太累了，与选项C的意义一致。
3.【答案】A。
【详细解答】
会话中谈论的主题是“张嘴……打针”，因而很可能发生在牙医诊所。
4.【答案】D。
【详细解答】
句中的男生说自己不是班上物理考试中唯一得高分的学生，还有其他几名学生也得了高分。与D的意义一致。
5.【答案】D。
【详细解答】
对话中男生说没想到实验作业花了自己这么长时间，但总算做完了。因而与D一致。
6.【答案】C。
【详细解答】
从对话中男人的措词及语气：“你以为我是专门送信的吗”判断：他不愿意为女生送信。
7.【答案】D。
【详细解答】
对话中女生说自己对有关猫的电视节目感兴趣，因而她可能今晚观看这个电视节目。
8.【答案】D。
【详细解答】
题中男生问，“照看狗对你来说是问题吗？”可知男生想知道对方能否帮他这个忙。
9.【答案】A。
【详细解答】
对话中女方宽慰男生道：现在还书不要紧，因为下周一才考试。言外之意，略迟还书并未造成任何麻烦。
10.【答案】B。
【详细解答】
题中女生劝慰男生道：润色申请信是值得的，因为给对方留下一个好印象很重要。从此可知，男生在求职。
Section B
11.【答案】B。
【详细解答】
本段文章以介绍人的脸部区别特征开篇，主体描写人的品性，因而B为正确答案。
12.【答案】A。
【详细解答】
文中提及pigeon是用以举例说明动物与孩子一样靠脸部特征来识别对方。
13.【答案】A。
【详细解答】
由于整篇探讨的都是人的个性、行为方式等，因而作者很可能是心理学家。
14.【答案】A。
【详细解答】
文中的最后一句话给出该题的答案人们通过脸部特征和行为方式的不同来区分不同类型的人。
15.【答案】C。
【详细解答】
本题的答案在第一段。离婚普遍，是因为人们缺乏自律（self-discipline）与现实感，而倾向于影视剧中的自由与浪漫。
16.【答案】D。
【详细解答】
前三个选项都是婚姻中应该或可以牺牲掉的东西，而婚姻中唯一不能牺牲掉的就是自己的灵魂(the self-sacrifice of the soul)即真实的自我。
17.【答案】B。
【详细解答】
文中的第二段的第一句就说维持一桩婚姻，不能牺牲自我但却需要彼此的妥协。
18.【答案】D。
【详细解答】
本文探讨的不是“孤独的某一侧面”，而是有关孤独的全面问题，因而D是正确答案。
19.【答案】A。
【详细解答】
文中提及三种“孤独”，而未涉及severe loneliness，因而A为正确答案。
20.【答案】D。
【详细解答】
根据文中最后一段的最后一句话，孤独的人总感觉自己的社会交往还不够多，因而扩大社会交往可以提高自己知名度，从而较少有孤独感。因而社会交往对孤独的人很重要。
Part Ⅱ
Passage One
21.【答案】B。
【试题分析】词汇题。
【详细解答】
exceed的意思是“超过”。
22.【答案】D。
【试题分析】推断题。
【详细解答】
第二段指出，“传统的计算机预测天气模式在预测像龙卷风这样的短期风暴方面并没有多大价值。因为可收集到的天气信息不够具体，所以计算机还没来得及研究微妙的天气变化，这样的暴风雨就已经来临了。”接着，文章以天气信息采集现状为例，指出“多数国家每隔几百英里才使用一次气象气球，每次间隔12小时。由于采集到的数据有限，传统的天气预报模式能够较好地预测大范围的总体天气情况而不是具体的局部天气事件。”所以选D。
23.【答案】B。
【试题分析】
词汇推测题。
【详细解答】
根据该词前面的解释accurate, short-range forecasts可以推断出Nowcast的意思为“准确，及时的天气预报”。另外，通过前缀也可推测出来：fore- 表示“提前”，now- 表示“立即”。
24.【答案】A。
【试题分析】
细节题。
【详细解答】
解决及时预报困难的关键因素是高科技的发展，所以选A。
25.【答案】D。
【试题分析】
主题归纳。
【详细解答】
文中一开始讲述了某次龙卷风造成的损失，指出传统的计算机天气预测模式由于没有详细的天气情况数据而不能对类似于龙卷风的暴风雨做出及时的预报。直到最近，由于高科技的发展解决了人们收集天气数据时的种种问题，才使得Nowcast这种准确、及时的天气预报成为现实。因此，文章主要讲述天气预报方面的一大突破（breakthrough）。
Passage Two
26.【答案】D。
【试题分析】
细节题。
【详细解答】
第一段第三、四句表明，父母对孩子个性的长远发展所起的作用并不大，对孩子影响最大的是他们的同龄人和邻居。
27.【答案】B。
【试题分析】
推断题。
【详细解答】
我们通过对第二段内容的理解，可以发现Ms. Harris 的观点与developmentalists的观点截然不同。developmentalists强调父母对孩子的影响，因而强调教育（nurture）对孩子的影响更大，所以选项A，D不正确。由于Ms. Harris所举的双胞胎例子与developmentalists的观点相反，那么后者的观点应当是：双胞胎在同一个家庭长大则个性相同，在不同的家庭长大个性会有很大的差异。所以选B。
28.【答案】B。
【试题分析】
细节题。
【详细解答】
可采取逐一排除的办法。选项A不对，因为第三段第一句话指出后者更难。选项C不对，第三段最后一句说明，尽管要证明父母对孩子的诚实、努力和大度等品质没有多大影响很容易，但是，要证明同龄人对孩子个性的影响更大却很难。选项D与本文主题关系不大。所以选B。
29.【答案】D。
【试题分析】
词汇推断题。
【详细解答】
第四段主要讲，父母亲的影响不能完全忽视。例如，孩子在很小的时候家长对他们有指导作用，而且孩子到中年时会更类似于他们的父母。所以选D。
30.【答案】D。
【试题分析】作者态度题。
【详细解答】
在文章中，作者基本上同意Ms. Harris的观点，即家长对孩子的影响并不是人们所认为的那样举足轻重，影响孩子成长的还有外界的因素。但作者认为，Ms. Harris在说明问题时所举的例子不恰当，因为它强调了技能而不是个性（第三段）；虽然孩子们极力要与他们的同龄人看齐，但家长们对他们的早期影响是不可否认的（第四段）。所以选D。
Passage Three
31.【答案】B。
【试题分析】
细节题。
【详细解答】
第一段指出，市值下降的原因是正在进行的反垄断带来了不确定性。选项B中的lawsuit指“诉讼案件”，所以选B。
32.【答案】C。
【试题分析】
细节题。
【详细解答】
第二段中的Meanwhile rival Cisco has seen its share price rise $25 to more than $60 as the company has gained its role in providing the hardware for the Internet这句话说明了Cisco的股价上升是由于它赢得了为互联网提供硬件设备的市场地位。所以选项C“在市场上建立坚实的基础”是正确答案。
33.【答案】B。
【试题分析】
细节题。
【详细解答】
第一段末尾的It has been overtaken by General Electric, now worth $506 bn, Intel, worth $441 bn and Cisco Systems, $436 bn表明微软的市值已经被市值5060亿的通用、4410亿的英特尔和4360亿的Cisco三家公司超过。排第二位是英特尔，所以选B。
34.【答案】C。
【试题分析】
细节题。
【详细解答】
第三段明确指出，CNBC是通用与微软的合资公司，负责提供网上新闻。所以选C。
35.【答案】A。
【试题分析】
细节题。
【详细解答】
文章最后一段的主题句是“如果公司的法律纠纷持续不断，微软的股票将会面临更大的不确定性。”（Microsoft’s shares now face a further period of uncertainty as the company’s legal battle continues.）由此可见，员工不愿意在微软工作是因为该公司的前景已经不像以前那样看好了。所以选A。
Passage Four
36.【答案】A。
【试题分析】
推断题。
【详细解答】
考查文章来源。文章对弥尔顿的《失乐园》进行了评析，指出弥尔顿通过描述撒旦的勇敢，上帝和天使的愚蠢，揭示了当时英国统治者的独断专行和英国宗教的教条主义，因而是一篇典型的文学评论。文章没有详细地解释诗的内容，所以选项B不正确。选项D“英国文学的部分介绍”范围太大，不具体。
37.【答案】B。
【试题分析】
推断题。
【详细解答】
文章指出弥尔顿通过描述撒旦和其追随者的义正辞严，表达了一个清教徒对当时独裁者和英国宗教的不满。在文中，撒旦并不是一个清教徒，所以A不正确。弥尔顿没有发动革命，所以选项D也不正确。但是，我们可以推断出弥尔顿不信上帝这一选项。
38.【答案】B。
【试题分析】
推断题。
【详细解答】
诗中撒旦被描述成一个勇敢的斗士，反对上帝，失败了继续战斗。而上帝被描述成自私的、残酷的统治者。这与《圣经》中的描述相反，所以选B。
39.【答案】C。
【试题分析】
细节题。
【详细解答】
文章第三段指出，亚当和夏娃体现了弥尔顿对人类伟大力量的信任。上帝剥夺了人们对知识的渴望（暗指亚当、夏娃渴望拥有智慧，因偷吃禁果而被赶出伊甸园），正是这种渴望才开辟出一条通向智慧和文明生活的道路。由此可以推断，如果他们没有这么做的话，如今的人类仍然很愚昧无知，所以选项A表述正确。上帝在诗中被描述成了残酷的统治者，他的天使们从来不想发表意见，也从来没有自己的意见，所以很傻，符合选项B，D的表述。虽然撒旦和他的追随者们使人们想起了议会成员的形象，但在诗中他们并不真正是议会成员，所以选项C表述不对，是正确答案。
40.【答案】B。
【试题分析】
主题推断题。
【详细解答】
考写作目的。通过前面的解释，我们可推断弥尔顿写《失乐园》目的是借撒旦的反叛形象来批判当时英国统治者的暴行。
Part Ⅲ
41.【答案】D。
【详细解答】
relaxation松弛；reliability可靠性；reluctance勉强，不情愿；inconvenience不便，困难。
42.【答案】B。
【详细解答】他们迫害与他们观点不一致的人，需填入persecute 迫害；explore探索，考查；extend延长；pinch拧。
43.【答案】B。
【详细解答】
occasionally偶尔地；deliberately故意地；abnormally不正常地，变态地；timidly胆怯地。
44.【答案】A。
【详细解答】
表示“缩短，缩水”需用shrink；decreased下降；lessened变少；reduced减少。
45.【答案】A。
【详细解答】
communication此处意为“交流”；calculation计算；transportation运输；vision视觉。
46.【答案】C。
【详细解答】
presume推测；propell推动；preside主持；prick刺伤。
47.【答案】B。
【详细解答】
sure肯定的；guilty有罪的，内疚的；justified有理由的；pitiful可怜的。
48.【答案】B。
【详细解答】
需填入acquaint表示“对……熟悉，了解”；inform通知，告；enlighten启蒙，启发；advertise 登广告。
49.【答案】A。
【详细解答】
register挂号；reject拒绝；regulate管理，控制；reflect思考。
50.【答案】C。
【详细解答】
eject喷射；fabricate制造；assemble装配；resemble类似。
51.【答案】D。
【详细解答】
laying放置；withdrawing取出；depositing存放，寄放。
52.【答案】D。
【详细解答】
remind sb. of sth.，为固定搭配，意为“使……想起”。
53.【答案】B。
【详细解答】
break down意为“出故障”。
54.【答案】C。
【详细解答】
forecast预报；foretell预言，预示；foresee预见；forenotice预告。
55.【答案】C。
【详细解答】
prohibit“表示根据法律或条规禁止”。
56.【答案】A。
【详细解答】
四个选项中只有flee from短语正确，意为“逃离”。hide则意为“隐藏”；hesitate，犹豫；run跑。
57.【答案】D。
【详细解答】
此处应是“展翅飞翔的鹰”，因此选D。
58.【答案】C。
【详细解答】
根据句义，空格所在部分的意思应为“鼓励的欢呼声”。
59.【答案】A。
【详细解答】
privilege特权；possibility可能性；favor喜爱；advantage优势。A符合句义。
60.【答案】C。
【详细解答】
此句的意思是“玛丽经常做事不细心”，因此选C。
61.【答案】C。
【详细解答】
dim不明亮，朦胧的；distorted扭曲的；filthy不洁的、污秽的。
62.【答案】A。
【详细解答】
sphere范围、领域；scale规模；surplus多余的；survey调查。
63.【答案】B。
【详细解答】
comply with为固定搭配，意为“遵守”，符合题意。
64.【答案】A。
【详细解答】
level水平；plane平面；surface表面；line线。
65.【答案】B。
【详细解答】
assume sb. to be“认为……是……”，符合题意。
66.【答案】D。
【详细解答】
take a turn for the better病情有所好转。
67.【答案】C。
【详细解答】
account for，固定搭配，意为“解释”。
68.【答案】A。
【详细解答】
根据句义，此处需填入的词应具有肯定意义，因而possible为恰当选项；certainly为副词，不适用。
69.【答案】A。
【详细解答】
power提供动力；pull拉；compel强迫；expel驱逐。
70.【答案】C。
【详细解答】
本题考固定搭配，take sth. into account意为“将……考虑在内”，因而C为正确答案。
Part Ⅳ
71. Explode dramatically like the rail, automobile or telephone revolution.
72. It most probably refers to “Pictures”.
73. The author is writing in an excited tone.
74. Communication devices will become dirt-cheap.
75. They might be replaced by low-orbit satellites.
Part Ⅴ
写作指导：
该作文题型属典型的根据提纲写作的情景作文。可以采用三段论式写法，即短文分为引言、主体正文和结论三部分。值得注意的是，这种题型中有时给出的每一部分提示未必是每段的主题，考生应根据作文的标题，灵活应对，重新拟定每段的主题句。注意使用过渡句提高短文的逻辑上的连贯与形式上的衔接。
参考范文：
With the fast development of the world, more and more challenge is in store for us. Challenge means not only hardship, but also opportunity. Since we are young people and have bright future before us, we should have the right attitude towards challenge.
By nature, challenge is an inspiration to our creative power and an opportunity to achieve success. The most important thing is to deal with challenge properly.First, you must be well prepared for challenge at any time, because you can never, in most cases, expect when it comes precisely. Second, when it really comes, you should be courageous enough to take it. No pains, no gains. Only through hard work can you achieve success. Finally, adequate knowledge is called for to meet challenge. Science and technology are developing at a tremendous rate and those who can not follow its pace will be eliminated by the society.
Living in the modern society today, no one can avoid challenges. We are obliged to prepare ourselves adequately for challenges by accumulating enough knowledge and by building a strong body. Only by means of this can we adapt ourselves to the life style of capital cities.
本套试卷测试语言重点
10个重点单词：
torrential: 奔流的，急流的
warranty: 保证书(尤指对所售货物的保证)
psychiatrist: 精神病医生 villain: 坏蛋
persona: 人物角色immune: 可避免的
meteorologist: 气象学家discard: 仍掉
hatred: 憎恨emblem: 象征，标志
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