试卷二解析
NOTES
Part I Tapescript of Listening Comprehension
Section A
1. W: This course wasn’t supposed to be hard.
M: But it sure turned out to be, didn’t it?
Q: What does the woman think about the course?
2. M: There was a party on our school campus Sunday evening. Did you go?
W: Had I known about the party, I would have been present for it.
Q: What do we learn about the woman?
3. M: Was I supposed to give the seminar presentation this week?
W: No. I assigned it to Joan.
Q: What will happen this week?
4. W: I’d better read one of the articles for our economics class.
M: You can’t read just one. Each presents a different theory, you know.
Q: What does the man tell the woman she must do?
5. M: I agree with your proposal at the meeting yesterday. It was a good one.
W: You should have backed me up then when I needed it.
Q: What does the woman mean?
6. W: I’m just looking for a bike that will get me to the library and back.
M: With the roads the way they are, you will need a sturdy one.
Q: What does the man imply?
7. W: Hello, I am a senior student. Could you tell me whether this reference room is only for aculty members?
M: No, the postgraduates and undergraduates can come too if they have their professor’s written permission.
Q: Can the woman study in the reference room?
8. W: What would you say to a seafood dinner?
M: I don’t want to pay twice as much for a seafood dinner.
Q: What does the man mean?
9. W: When are you going to have your eyes checked?
M: I had to cancel my appointment. I couldn’t fit it in.
Q: What does the man mean?
10.W: How was the English exam you took yesterday?
M: Not as easy as I expected, I did fairly well on the reading section but I made quite a few mistakes on grammar.
Q: What did the man say about his test?
Section B
Passage One
Flexible working hours were invented in Germany in the late 1960s, but reached Britain in 1972. The system allows workers to start and finish work whenever they want, with only two requirements. These are: firstly, that all workers must be present for certain “key” times in the day, and secondly, that all workers must work the agreed total number of hours per week.
The system has proved an almost total success wherever it has been tried. A survey of 700 workers on flexible hours showed three main advantages: a better balance between working and private life, avoidance of the need to travel during rush hours and the ability to be able to finish a certain task before leaving.
From the employer’s point of view, the system tends to increase productivity, reduce labor turnover first. “Flexible time” was mainly confined to white collar workers, but it now being applied to manual workers too.
11. What people firstly used flexible working hours?
12. Which one of the following may be best used to describe the flexible system?
13. What’s one of the main advantages of “Flextime” for workers?
Passage Two
Our environment is being polluted faster than nature and man’s present efforts can prevent it. Time is bringing us more people, and more people will bring us more industry, more motor vehicles, larger cities, and the growing use of man-made materials.
What can explain and solve this problem? The fact is that pollution is caused by man—by his desire for a modern way of life. We make increasing industrialization our chief aim. For its sake, we are willing to sacrifice everything: clean air, pure water, good food, our health and the future of our children. There is a constant flow of people from the countryside into the cities, eager for the benefits of modern society. But as our technological achievements have grown in the last twenty years, so pollution has become a serious problem.
Isn’t it time we stopped to ask ourselves where we are going and why? It reminds one of the story about the airline pilot who told his passengers over the loudspeaker: “I’ve some good news and some bad news. The good news is that we’re making rapid progress at 530 miles per hour. The bad news is that we are lost and don’t know where we’re going.” The sad fact is that this becomes a true story when applied to our modern society.
14. Why can’t man prevent the world from being polluted?
15. According to the passage, what does man value among the following?
16. What does the story about the pilot indicate?
Passage Three
As a result of rising university costs, many students are finding it necessary to take on part-time jobs. To make finding those jobs easier, the placement service has put together a listing of what is available locally. For some students, these part-time jobs could lead to the full-time work after graduation, as they may offer experience in their own field, be that finance, marketing or even management. For example, national savings bank offers work on a half time basis. That’s 20 hours per week. Retail stores and restaurants have positions requiring fewer hours. Even less time is expected of those providing child care. We have a number of families registered with us who are looking for baby-sitters for as few as four hours a week. For students who prefer outdoor work, there’re seasonal positions right on campus, working with the gardening and landscaping teams. These often require the most time and they are the least flexible in terms of scheduling. To see a complete list of these and other available jobs, including the salary offered and the hours required, stop by our office and be sure to bring a resume with you. When you find something that interests you, we’ll put you in touch with the person offering it. In addition, our counselors will give you hints about a successful interviewing.
17. What’s the purpose of the talk?
18. What should students bring with them to the office?
19. What will the counselors at the office help students do?
20. What do the jobs have in common?
Part II Reading Comprehension
21. 结论题。本题问Lauderslager的实验结果，解本题要找出Lauderslager的实验结果或发现。依据文章的第一段的倒数第二句话，由“Lauderslager found”引出的后面的话即为Lauderslager的实验结果或发现。
22. 推断题。依据文章第二段的第三行“But if the animal (指的是rats)are confronted with situations they have no control over, they later behave passively when faced with experiences they can control.”可推出答案，选项C是该句话的同义替换。
23. 细节理解题。根据文章的第三段的第五行“Associating the saccharin with stomach pains, the mice quickly learned to avoid the sweetener.” 可知由于老鼠将胃疼和甜味剂联系在一起，所以它们才回避糖精。
24. 推断题。依据文章的第三段的末句Lauderslager对老鼠死亡的推测“... he had so successfully conditioned the rats that saccharin alone now serves to weaken their immune systems enough to kill them.” （他成功地利用了糖精和药物使老鼠产生了条件反射，使得老鼠的心理产生变化，只用糖精就会削弱它们的免疫系统使其致死）可推知答案。
25. 结论题。本题仍是上题的延续。通过条件反射会削弱老鼠的免疫系统。
26 主旨题。文章第一段讲了北美殖民地城市的发展和欧洲的不同；第二段和第三段分别阐述了北美大西洋沿岸城市的发展和南方种植园的发展。选项B概括了文章的主要内容。
27. 主旨题。依据文章第一段的首句可知：欧洲的城市发展与北美的不同之处在于前者的城市发展缓慢而后者的城市发展迅猛，由此可知两者比较的基准是发展的速度。
28. 单句理解题。根据文章的第二段的第三行给出了原因“Because these areas were nearest England and France....” 由此可推断出选项C为正确答案。
29. 段落理解题。文章的第三段探讨了南方种植园的各方面的内容：种植园的地理位置的特点（通常靠近水路，便于运送货物）；种植园的经济是自给自足；但并没有谈到种植园居民和城市居民的关系。故答案为C。
30. 细节理解题。文章的第二段的末句指出，大西洋沿岸的城市是加工用于出口的原材料的理想的地点“Here, too, were the favored locations for processing raw materials prior to export.”
31. 推断题。依据文章的第一段的第二句话“The act...and the policies...compete with economic interests.”可推知对濒危动物的保护是一个很有争议的问题是因为影响了某些利益集团的利益。
32. 推断题。根据文章的第二段的第二句话“...with populations growing so rapidly that using the land is a means to temporarily avoid worsening poverty and starvation.” （利用土地，开发雨林是发展中国家暂时避免贫穷和饥饿的途径）。我们可推知，若阻止发展中国家开发热带雨林，就会妨碍发展中国家与贫穷做斗争。
33. 细节理解题。本题同样依据第二段的第二句话“...with populations growing so rapidly that using the land is a means to temporarily avoid worsening poverty and starvation.”注意“temporarily”一词，它表明砍伐树木种植庄稼只能是一个暂时的缓解粮食问题的办法。
34. 指代题。依据文章的第三段的首句“Many of the changes that concern scientists have the potential to rob the planets of its biological richness.” 这句话指出了科学家忧虑的问题，选项C)“the reduction of biological diversity”是对于“rob the planets of its biological richness”的同义替换。
35. 主旨题。从文章的末段的结尾一句话“But solutions to humanity’s current problems will come only through coordinated international efforts to control...”可得出答案，选项D)“through the cooperation of nations”是“through coordinated international efforts”的同义替换。
36. 细节题。文章第一段第三句话讲恐怖分子把美国移民体制的弱点纳入到他们的计划中去，而恰好文章第一段最后一句话正好具体讲述了移民归化局的弱点，即低效率，所以D正确。
37. 细节题。文章第二段第二句9·11事件后，美国法案要求FBI、司法部、移民归化局等共享更多信息资料以把列为恐怖分子者阻断在边境，B选项正合此意。
38. 推断题。从文章第一段第二句话我们知道外籍持假证件偷渡入境者及合法入境者经常超期滞留美国而得不到任何处罚，我们可推知，这些外国人在9·11事件发生前，想呆多久就呆多久，所以C正确。
39. 细节题。从文章最后一段最后两句话我们可以知道移民归化局这些年来太注重服务于游客和移民，而没有更多关注上百万美国人的人身安全维系于其工作，C选项正合此意。
40. 细节题。文章第四段第二句冒号后清楚说明两大原因，其中之一是美国大学，第二是美国企业需外国廉价劳动力，所以A正确。
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