New Orleans, Louisiana, was established as part of the French Empire in 1718.

　　Its location on the east bank of the Mississippi River gave it control of the American hinerland and it became strategically important to many nations. It was transferred from France to Spain, returned to France, and finally sold by Napoleon to the United States in 1803. The city was the site of a famous battle fought in 1815 between the British, who hoped to control it, and the Americans under General And rew Jackson.

　　The riverbed of the Mississippi is constantly silting and the river is now actually higher than the city. Levees hold back the river and giant pumps are used to move water from the city into the river.

　　Although New Orleans haas beena part of the United States for almost two centuries, its population takes great pride in its French heritage. Louisiana still retains parts of the Code Napoleon which, form many years, was its only law.

　　New Orleans is carefree city and it boasts its hot, spicy Creole seafood and its native Dixieland Jazz. The jackson Square neighborhood maintains its French colonial homes and in other sections are pre-Civil War mansions. Visitors are surprised to find that behind this interesting facade of yesteryear, is a busy industrial and port city. Grain and coal come from the Midwest and foreigh cargoes are unloaded here. New Orleans is no longer a sleepy Southern town - but it's still fun to visit.

　　1. What accounts for the levees and pumps in New Orleans?

　　a. The Mississippi frequently floods the city.

　　b. The riverbed has raised inthe past 200 years.

　　c. The torrential rains flood the city frequently.

　　d. The high humidity cannot otherwise be comtrolled.

　　2. The battle of New Orleans was fought by jackson against ________.

　　a. France

　　b. Britain

　　c. Spain

　　d. The North

　　3. The Code Napoleon was ________.

　　a. an agreement to sell Louisiana

　　b. a body of laws

　　c. a city plan

　　d. a military code for the army

　　4. Which of the following elements does not apply to the attiude of the inhabitants of New Orleans?

　　a. Pride in their French heritage.

　　b. A desire to retain picturesque colonial buildings.

　　c. A refusal to engage in trade and commerce

　　d. A praising of Dixieland Jazz.

　　5. Tourists visiting New Orleans are surprised to encounter ________.

　　a. Creole food

　　b. Dixieland jazz

　　c. bustling city

　　d. authentic colonial homes

　　答案： bbbcc

　　The United States is on the verge of losing its leading place in the world's technology. So says more than one study in recent years. One of the reasons for this decline is the parallel decline in the number of U. S. scientists and engineers.

　　Since 1976, employment of scientists and engineers is up 85 percent. This trend is expected to continue. However, the trend shows that the number of 22-year-olds - the near term source of future PH. D. s-is declining. Further adding to the problem is the increased competition for these candidates from other fields-law, medicine, business, etc. While the number of U. S. PH. D. s in science and engineering declines, the award of PH. D. s to foreign nationals is increasing rapidly.

　　Our inability to motivate students to pursue science and engineering careers at the graduate level is compounded because of the intense demand industry has for bright Bachelor's and Master's degree holders. Too often, promising PH. D. candidates, confronting the cost and financial sacrifice of pursuing their education, find the attraction of industry irresistible.

　　1. The U. S. will come to lose its leading place in technology probably because ________.

　　a. the number of PH. D. degree holders is declining

　　b. the number of scientists and engineers is decreasing

　　c. the number of 22-year-ilds is declining

　　d. scientists and engineers are not employed

　　2. The field of science and engineering is facing a competition from ________.

　　a. technology

　　b. foreign nationals

　　c. such fields as law, medicine and business

　　d. postgraduates

　　3. Large-scale enterprises now need ________.

　　a. bright graduates and postgraduates

　　b. new inventions

　　c. advanced technology

　　d. engineers

　　4. Many promising postgraduates are unwilling to pursue a PH. D. degree because ________.

　　a. they are not encouraged to be engaged in science

　　b. industry does not require PH. D. holders

　　c. they have financial difficulties

　　d. they will spend much time and energy completing PH. D.

　　5. PH. D. candidates "find the attraction of industry irresistible" means that ________.

　　a. they find industry is attracting more and more college students

　　b. they don't think they can prevent themselves from working for industry

　　c. they cannot resist any attraction from all sides

　　d. they cannot work for industry any longer

　　答案：bcadb

　　翻译

　　儿童权益

　　为了切实保护儿童权益，中国的立法、司法、政府各有关部门以及社会团体都建立了相应的机制，以监督、实施和促进保护儿童事业的健康发展。中国政府动员社会采取多种方式关心和帮助残疾儿童的成长，大力弘扬残疾儿童自强不息的精神，倡导团结、友爱、互助的道德风尚。中国民族素有“携幼”，“爱幼”的传统美德，中国古语“有无有以及人之幼”了流传至今。我们要在全社会倡导树立“爱护儿童、教育儿童、为儿童做表率、为儿童办实事”的公民意识，并努力为儿童事业的发展创造良好的社会条件。

　　To effectively protect children's rights and interests, china's legislation, judicial and government departments concerned as well as non-governmental organizations have set up corresponding mechanisms to supervise, facilitate and promote the healthy development of the work on protecting children. The Chinese government has done a great deal to mobilize various circles in society to care for, in various manners, the development of disabled children, to greatly encourage the spirit of unceasing self-improvement among physically disadvantaged children and to advocate the valued social virtues of unity, friendship and mutual aid. The Chinese nation has long cultivated the traditional virtues of "bring up the young" and caring for the young". An old Chinese saying that "love our children and love others'children in the same manner" is still very popular. We should urge the society at large to raise the awareness of importance of "protecting and educating children, and setting a good example and doing practical thing for children". We will spare no efforts to create favorable social conditions for the progress of child development programs.

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