READING COMPREHENSION
Questions 71 to 75 are based on the following passage:
The pig was the last animal to be fully domesticated by the farmer.Unlike the cow and the sheep, it is not a grass-eater. Its ancient home was the forest, where it searched for different kinds of food, such as nuts, roots and dead animals, and found in the bushes protection for its almost hairless body from extremes of sun and cold. For many centuries the farmer allowed it to continue there, leaving his pigs to look after themselves most of the time. As the woodlands began to shrink, the pig slowly began to be kept on the farm itself. But it did not finally come into a shed, where it was fed on waste food from the farm and the house, until the eighteenth century.
The pig, then, became a farm animal in the age of agricultural improve- ment in Britain in the eighteenth century, but it was given little attention by special animal breeders, for the major farmers of the time preferred to develop the larger kinds of animal. There were, however, various less well- known farmers interested in pigs and they based their improvements on new types of pig from overseas. These were the Chinese Pig, and its various relatives, including the Neapolitan pig, which were descended from Chinese pigs that had found their way to the Mediterranean in ancient times. These were very different from the thin and leggy British woodland pigs. They were wider and squarer, with shorter legs and flatter faces, and they matured earlier and produced more delicate meat. By the end of the eighteenth cen- tury these overseas pigs had influenced the colour, shape and characteristics of the native British pig a great deal.
In the early nineteenth century, pig-farmers worked at improving all sorts and conditions of pig. Many of the special pigs they developed are now forgotten, but by the end of the century they had established most of the kinds we know in Britain today.
71. In their original wild state pigs _______.
A) ate the same food as other animals
B) did not like other animals
C) lived among trees
D) did not go near cows or sheep
72. Why were pigs not fully domesticated in Britain until the eighteenth century?
A) They could find food for themselves well enough in woodlands.
B) There was no suitable food for them on most farms.
C) It was difficult to develop improved types of pig.
D) They did not grow well when kept indoors.
73. The passage tells us that in the age of agricultural improvement in
Britain in the eighteenth century _______.
A) very fat pigs were developed
B) British types of pig were replaced with overseas ones
C) pigs received less attention than other animals
D) important breeders concentrated on pigs
74. How did Chinese and Neapolitan pigs differ from native British pigs?
A) They were taller. B) They had shorter noses.
C) They had stronger legs. D) They were weightier.
75. The passage mainly discusses _______.
A) pigs in England
B) the history of pigs as domestic animals in England
C) how the pigs were fed in England
D) how to establish new kinds of pigs in England
Questions 76 to 80 are based on the following passage:
The United States became a rich industrial nation toward the end of the 1800s. There were more goods, more services, more jobs, and a higher standard of living. There was more of everything, including problems. One problem was monopoly -- that is, be the only seller of a certain line of products or a service. In some cases, several companies that manufactured the same product would agree not to compete with one another. They would all agree to charge the same price. These arrangements made it impossible for customers to shop around for lower prices for certain products.
Some people decided that huge corporations had too much power and controlled too many markets. Because of their wealth and power, they could see to it that governments passed laws favorable to them. Many people believed that monopoly and price fixing were bad for customers and bad for the country so that they should be broken up.
Finally, the national government and some states passed laws that placed limits on corporations and big companies. These laws made it illegal for companies to make agreements to charge only a certain price. Later on the national government forced monopoly to be broken up.
Such laws and government action didn't entirely do away with monopolies. Nor did they stop the growth of huge corporations. But they did show that American people had decided that some of the changes that had occurred were harmful.
76. The word'monopoly'(in Paragraph 1) most probably means _______.
A) the production of certain kinds of goods
B) complete control and possession of trade
C) a big corporation or company
D) an agreement on prices
77. Because of the agreements between big companies, _______.
A) people had to buy things at certain shops
B) the prices of their goods were much lower
C) customers had no choice but to buy goods at fixed prices
D) there were fewer markets in some states
78. According to the laws, companies _______.
A) were not allowed to control the markets
B) could not force the customers to buy their products
C) should have fixed prices for their products
D) must produce the same kind of goods for the same markets
79. Some American people thought that _______.
A) the government should make some of the huge corporations much smaller
B) the country's industry was growing too rapidly
C) shops should have the same price for the same kind of goods
D) their country's getting rich was both good and bad to the people
80. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?
A) Big companies could not influence the government.
B) A large number of markets were controlled by big companies.
C) Many Americans were worried about the changes in their country.
D) Some of the laws were in favor of customers.
Questions 81 to 85 are based on the following passage:
A group of people who share the same interests and way of life is called a society. Sociology is the science that examines human society. The term sociology is derived from the Latin word socins, which means "companion, union of people."
Sociologists are interested in how a society began and how it grew. They also study the levels within a society. For example, the child is part of the family, the family is part of the neighborhood, and the neighborhood is part of the community. There are many different groups, and sociologists are interested in the effect that these groups have on people.
A Frenchman named Auguste Comte made sociology a separate science in the 1830s. He suggested that a new science was necessary to study a society of people. A famous book, Principles of Sociology, was published by an Eng- lishman, Herbert Spencer, in 1882. This book had an unprecedented effect on the science of sociology. In this book, Spencer theorized that a society's customs evolved, or grew, from very simple to more complicated and advanced.
This theory shows the influence that Charles Darwin (who believed that man
had evolved from very simple forms to the present human) had on Spencer.
81. A good title for this selection is _______.
A) What a Society is Made of
B) Society
C) How Sociology Began
D) Sociology
82. The word "levels" in Line 6 means _______.
A) stages B) organizations
C) standards D) classes
83. We may conclude that _______.
A) Sociology also studies the relationships between different groups
B) A society consists chiefly of four social levels
C) How a society began and grew is the main interest of sociologists
D) There were no societies before the 1830s
84. Spencer probably agreed with Darwin _______.
A) that the present human developed from simple forms
B) that there were simple and advanced societies
C) in how a society developed
D) in when a society began
85. The book which greatly influenced sociology was written _______.
A) in Latin B) in the 1830s
C) by Darwin D) by Spencer
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