¡¡¡¡Paper Two

¡¡¡¡Part I Error Correction (15 minutes)

¡¡¡¡Directions: This part consists of a short passage. In this passage, there are altogether 10 mistakes, one in each numbered line. You may have to add a word, cross out a word, or change a word. If you add a word, put an insertion mark (¡Ä) in the right place and write the missing word in the blank. If you cross out a word, put a slash ( / ) in the blank. If you change a word, cross it out and write the correct word in the corresponding blank.

¡¡¡¡Within the various forms of energy, natural 71. ______

¡¡¡¡gas has been favorite among U.S. consumers for 72. ______

¡¡¡¡more than 30 years. It has a number of outstanding

¡¡¡¡characteristics add to its popularity among consumers. 73. ______

¡¡¡¡First of all, natural gas is a comparatively clean

¡¡¡¡--burning fuel. Second, natural gas heat can carefully 74. ______

¡¡¡¡controlled. This issue makes it the favorite fuel

¡¡¡¡of certain industry. At home, gas is preferred 75. ______

¡¡¡¡by most people for cooking and heating because the 76. ______

¡¡¡¡ease by which it can be put to work. Gas cooking and heating

¡¡¡¡furnaces can be turned off and shut off quickly and easy.77. ______

¡¡¡¡Besides, natural gas can be made into a liquid by a special

¡¡¡¡process and then store in tanks. This type of gas can then 78.______

¡¡¡¡be transported by truck, rail car, or pipeline to regions where

¡¡¡¡transport by natural gas pipelines is not economic possible

¡¡¡¡79.______

¡¡¡¡Although the supply of natural gas in the U.S. appears

¡¡¡¡to be decreasing, geologists estimate that billions

¡¡¡¡of cubic feet of natural gas still remains to be 80. ______

¡¡¡¡discovered and produced.

¡¡¡¡Part II Translation from English to Chinese (15 minutes)

¡¡¡¡Directions: In this part, there are five items, which you should translate into Chinese, each item consists of one or two sentence. These sentences are all taken from the reading passages you have just read in the Second Part of the Test Paper.

¡¡¡¡You are allowed 15 minutes to do the translation. You can refer back to the passages so as to identify their meanings in the context.

¡¡¡¡81. (Lines 1ª²5, Para.4, Passage 1)

¡¡¡¡The ice does not become a glacier until it moves under its own weight, and it cannot move significantly until it reaches a critical thickness¡ªthe point at which the weight of the piled¡ªup layers overcomes the internal strength of the ice and the friction between the ice and the ground.

¡¡¡¡82. (Lines 4ª²7, Para.1, Passage 2)

¡¡¡¡It is impossible to know today just what our Stone Age ancestors knew about plants, but from what we can observe of pre¡ªindustrial societies that still exist, a detailed learning of plants and their properties must be extremely ancient.

¡¡¡¡83. (Lines 19ª²22, Para.1, Passage 3)

¡¡¡¡Because a solid¡ªfuel rocket can be kept ready for a long time, most military missiles employ solid fuels, but human¡ªpiloted space flight needs the fine adjustments that can only be provided by liquid fuels.

¡¡¡¡84. (Lines 3ª²5, Para.1, Passage 4)

¡¡¡¡But it used also to be widely believed that effective rewards, at least in the early stages, had to be directly related to such basic physiological ¡°drives" as thirst or hunger.

¡¡¡¡85. (Lines 4ª²8, Para.4, Passage 4)

¡¡¡¡Papousek concluded that it was not primarily the sight of the lights which pleased them, it was the success they were achieving in solving the problem, in mastering the skill, and that there exists a fundamental human urge to make sense of the world and bring it under intentional control.

¡¡¡¡Part III Short Answer Questions (15 minutes)

¡¡¡¡Directions: In this part, there is a short passage with five questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words (not exceeding 10 words).

¡¡¡¡In the atmosphere, carbon dioxide acts rather like a one¡ªway mirror¡ªthe glass in the roof of a greenhouse which allows the sun's rays to enter but prevents the heat from escaping.

¡¡¡¡According to a weather expert's prediction, the atmosphere will be 3 ¡æ warmer in the year 2050 than it is today, if man continues to burn fuels at the present rate. If this warming up took place, the ice caps in the poles would begin to melt, thus raising sea level several meters and severely flooding coastal cities. Also, the increase in atmospheric temperature would lead to great changes in the climate of the northern hemisphere, possibly resulting in an alteration of the earth's chief food¡ªgrowing zones.

¡¡¡¡In the past, concern about a man¡ªmade warming of the earth has concentrated on the Arctic because the Antarctic is much colder and has a much thicker ice sheet. But the weather experts are now paying more attention to West Antarctic, which may be affected by only a few degrees of warming; in other words, by a warming on the scale that will possibly take place in the next fifty years from the burning of fuels.

¡¡¡¡Satellite pictures show that large areas of Antarctic ice are already disappearing. The evidence available suggests that a warming has taken place. This fits the theory that carbon dioxide warms the earth.

¡¡¡¡However, most of the fuel is burnt in the northern hemisphere, where temperatures seem to be falling. Scientists conclude, therefore, that up to now natural influences on the weather have exceeded those caused by man. The question is: Which natural cause has most effect on the weather?

¡¡¡¡One possibility is the variable behavior of the sun. Astronomers at one research station have studied the hot spots and cold spots (that is, the relatively less hot spots) on the sun. As the sun rotates, every 27.5 days, it presents hotter or colder faces to the earth, and different aspects to different parts of the earth. This seems to have a considerable effect on the distribution of the earth's atmospheric pressure, and consequently on wind circulation. The sun is also variable over a long term: its heat output goes up and down in cycles, the latest trend being downward.

¡¡¡¡Scientists are now finding mutual relations between models of solar¡ªweather interactions and the actual climate, over many thousands of years, including the last Ice Age. The problem is that the models are predicting that the world should be entering a new Ice Age and it is not. One way of solving this theoretical difficulty is to assume a delay of thousands of years while the solar effects overcome the inertia of the earth's climate. If this is right, the warming effect of carbon dioxide might thus be serving as a useful counterbalance to the sun's diminishing heat.

¡¡¡¡Questions:

¡¡¡¡86. The passage mainly discusses_________________________________________.

¡¡¡¡87. It can be concluded from the passage that too much carbon dioxide in the atmosphere would______________________________________________________________.

¡¡¡¡88. Although the fuel consumption is greater in the north hemisphere, temperature there seems to be dropping. What explanation does the author suggest for this phenomenon?

¡¡¡¡89. Based on their models of solarª²weather interactions, scientists share the opinion that_________________________________________________________________.

¡¡¡¡90. If scientists' assumption about the delay of a new Ice Age is correct, then the effect of carbon dioxide would work_______________________________________.

¡¡¡¡Part IV Writing (30 minutes)

¡¡¡¡Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the title ¡°Pollution: An Increasing Concern in China¡±. Your part of writing should be no less than 120 words.

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