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¡¡¡¡Part ¢òReading Comprehension (35 minutes)

¡¡¡¡Directions:There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some¡¡questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre. ª¤

¡¡¡¡Passage 1¡¡ª¤

¡¡¡¡Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:ª¥

¡¡¡¡People do not analyze every problem they meet. Sometimes they try to remember a¡¡solution from the last time they had a similar problem. They often accept the o¡¡pinions or ideas of other people. Other times they begin to act without thinking¡¡; they try to find a solution by trial and error. However, when all these methods fail, the person with a problem has to start analyzing. There are six stages in analyzing a problem.ª¥

¡¡¡¡First the person must recognize that there is a problem. For example, Sam¡¯s bicycle is broken, and he cannot ride it to class as he usually does. Sam must see¡¡that there is a problem with his bicycle.ª¥

¡¡¡¡Next the thinker must define the problem. Before Sam can repair his bicycle, he¡¡must find the reason why it does not work. For instance, he must determine if the problem is with the gears, the brakes, or the frame. He must make his problem¡¡more specific.ª¥

¡¡¡¡Now the person must look for information that will make the problem clearer and¡¡lead to possible solutions. For instance, suppose Sam decided that his bike does¡¡not work because there is something wrong with the gear wheels. At this time, he can look in his bicycle repair book and read about gears. He can talk to his friends at the bike shop. He can look at his gears carefully.ª¥

¡¡¡¡After studying the problem, the person should have several suggestions for a possible solution. Take Sam as an illustration. His suggestions might be: put oil on the gear wheels; buy new gear wheels and replace the old ones; tighten or loosen the gear wheels. ª¥

¡¡¡¡Eventually one suggestion seems to be the solution to the problem. Sometimes the¡¡final idea comes very suddenly because the thinker suddenly sees something new¡¡or sees something in a new way. Sam, for example, suddenly sees that there is a¡¡piece of chewing gum(¿ÚÏãÌÇ)between the gear wheels. He immediately realizes the¡¡solution to his problem: he must clean the gear wheels.ª¥

¡¡¡¡Finally the solution is tested. Sam cleans the gear wheels and finds that afterwards his bicycle works perfectly. In short, he has solved the problem.ª¤

¡¡¡¡21.In analyzing a problem we should do all the following except ____.ª¤

¡¡¡¡A) recognize and define the problem

¡¡¡¡B) look for information to make the problem clearerª¤

¡¡¡¡C) have suggestions for a possible solution

¡¡¡¡D) find a solution by trial or mistakeª¤

¡¡¡¡22.By referring to Sam¡¯s broken bicycle, the author intends to ____.ª¤

¡¡¡¡A) illustrate the ways to repair his bicycle

¡¡¡¡B) discuss the problems of his bicycleª¤

¡¡¡¡C) tell us how to solve a problem

¡¡¡¡D) show us how to analyze a problemª¤

¡¡¡¡23.Which of the following is NOT true?ª¤

¡¡¡¡A) People do not analyze the problem they meet.

¡¡¡¡B) People often accept the opinions or ideas of other people.ª¤

¡¡¡¡C) People may learn from their past experience

¡¡¡¡D) People cannot solve some problems they meet.ª¤

¡¡¡¡24.As used in the last sentence, the phrase ¡°in short¡± means ____.

¡¡¡¡A) in the long run B) in detail C) in a word D) in the endª¤

¡¡¡¡25.What is the best title for this passage?ª¤

¡¡¡¡A) Six Stages for Repairing Sam¡¯s Bicycle.

¡¡¡¡B) Possible Ways to Problem-solving.ª¤

¡¡¡¡C) Necessities of Problem Analysis.

¡¡¡¡D) Suggestions for Analyzing a Problem.ª¤

¡¡¡¡Passage 2ª¤

¡¡¡¡Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage:ª¥

¡¡¡¡Stone tools, animal bones and an incised mammoth tusk found in Russia¡¯s frigid¡¡far north have provided what archaeologists say is the first evidence that modern humans or Neanderthals lived in the Arctic more than 30,000 years ago, at least 15,000 years earlier than previously thought.ª¥

¡¡¡¡A team of Russian and Norwegian archaeologists, describing the discovery in today¡¯s issue of the journal Nature, said the campsite, at Mamontovaya Kurya, on the¡¡Ura River at the Arctic Circle, was the ¡°oldest documented evidence for human ¡¡resence at this high latitude. ¡±Digging in the bed of an old river channel close¡¡to the Ural Mountains, the team uncovered 123 mammal bones, including horse, reindeer and wolf. ¡°The most important find,¡± they said, was a four-foot mammoth tusk with grooves made by chopping with a sharp stone edge, ¡°unequivocally the work of humans.¡± The tusk was carbon-dated at about 36,600 years old. Plant remains found among the artifacts were dated at 30,000 to 31,000 years.ª¥

¡¡¡¡Other archaeologists said the analysis appeared to be sound. But they cautioned¡¡that it was difficult, when dealing with riverbed deposits, to be sure that artifacts had not become jumbled out of their true place, and thus time, in the geologic layers. They questioned whether the discoverers could reliably conclude tha the stone tools were in fact contemporary with the bones. But in a commentary¡¡accompanying the article, Dr. John A. J. Gowlett of the University of Liverpool¡¡in England wrote, ¡°Although there are questions to be answered, the artifacts illustrate both the capacity of early humans to do the unexpected, and the value of archaeologists¡¯ researching in unlikely areas.¡±ª¥

¡¡¡¡The discoverers said they could not determine from the few stone artifacts whether the site was occupied by Neanderthals, hominids who by then had a long history as hunters in Europe and western Asia, or some of the first anatomically modern humans to reach Europe.ª¥¡¡In any case, other archaeologists said, the findings could be significant.¡¡If these toolmakers were Neanderthals, the findings suggested that these human relatives, who became extinct after 30,000 years ago, were more capable and adaptable than they are generally given credit for. Living in the Arctic climate presumably required higher levels of technology and social organization.ª¥

¡¡¡¡If they were modern humans, then the surprise is that they had penetrated so farnorth in such a short time. There has been no firm evidence for modern humans in Europe before about 35,000 years ago. It had generally been thought that the northernmost part of Eurasia was not occupied by humans until the final stage of¡¡the last ice age, some 13,000 to 14,000 years ago, when the world¡¯s climate began to moderate. Dr. Gowlett said the new findings indicated that the Arctic region of European Russia was extremely cold but relatively dry and ice-free more than 30,000 years ago.ª¤

¡¡¡¡26.What is the significance of the discovery?ª¤

¡¡¡¡A) It shows that modern humans lived in the Arctic more than 3,000 years ago.

¡¡¡¡B) It shows that Neanderthals lived in the Arctic more than 3,000 years ago.

¡¡¡¡C) It shows the oldest documented evidence for human presence at such high latitude.ª¤

¡¡¡¡D) It shows human could use tools 30,000 years ago.ª¤

¡¡¡¡27.Why the team believed that the four-foot mammoth tusk was the most important find?ª¤

¡¡¡¡A) Because it was the longest tusk ever found.ª¤

¡¡¡¡B) Because there were signs left by human¡¯s tools on it.ª¤

¡¡¡¡C) Because there were grooves on it.ª¤

¡¡¡¡D) Because there are not any mammoth tusk all over the world.ª¤

¡¡¡¡28.When did the Neanderthals extinct?ª¤

¡¡¡¡A) More than 30,000 years ago.B) After 30,000 years ago.ª¤

¡¡¡¡C) Before about 35,000 years ago.D) Some 13,000 to 14,000 years ago.ª¤

¡¡¡¡29.Who were those toolmakers?ª¤

¡¡¡¡A) Neanderthals. B) Modern humans.C) Archaeologists. D) Not determined.ª¤

¡¡¡¡30.What¡¯s the weather like in the Arctic region of European Russia more¡¡than 30,000 years ago?ª¤

¡¡¡¡A) Moderate temperature, relatively dry and ice-free.ª¤

¡¡¡¡B) Extremely cold, relatively dry and ice-free.ª¤

¡¡¡¡C) Extremely cold, plenty of raining and ice-free.ª¤

¡¡¡¡D) Extremely cold, relatively dry and ice frosted. ª¤

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