Passage Two

　　Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.

　　Here amid the steel and concrete canyons, green grass grows. A hawthorn tree(山楂树) stands in new soil, and freshly dug plants bend in the wind.

　　But Chicago City Hall here seems an unlikely spot for a garden of any variety—especially 20,000 square feet of gardens—on its roof.

　　As one of a handful of similar projects around the country, the garden is part of a $1.5 million demonstration projected by the city to reduce its "urban heat islands", said William Abolt, the commissioner of the Department of Environment.

　　Heat islands-dark surfaces in the city, like rooftops-soak up heat. The retention can bake a building, making it stubborn to cooling.

　　The roof of City Hall, a 90-year-old gray stone landmark on LaSalle Street in the heart of downtown, has been known to reach temperature substantially hotter than the actual temperature on the street below.

　　The garden will provide greenery and shade. "And that," said the city officials, "will save the city dollars on those blistering summer days." The project savings from cooling is about $4,000 a year on a new roof whose life span is about 50 percent longer than that of a traditional roof.

　　The sprawling open-air rooftop garden is being carefully built on a multi-tiered bed of special soil, polystyrene, egg-carton-shaped cones and "waterproof membrane" mall to keep the roof from leaking, or caving under the normal combined weight of soil, rain and plant life.

　　The design calls for soil depths of 4 inches to 18 inches. When the last plants and seedlings are buried and the last bit of compost is laid, the garden will have circular brick stepping-stones winding up to hills.

　　"The primary focus of what we want to do was to establish this laboratory on the top of City Hall to get people involved and understanding their impact on the environment and how the little things can make an impact on the quality of life", Mr. Abolt said, adding that the plants also help to clear the air.

　　Rooftop gardens, in places where concrete jungles have erased plants and trees, are not new, not even in Chicago. Arms of greenery dangling over terraces or sprouting from rooftops, common in Europe, are becoming more so in the United States as people become increasingly conscious about the environment.

　　Richard M. Daley, who urged the environmental department to look into the project after noticing rooftop gardens in Hamburg, Germany a few years ago, has praised the garden as the first of its kind on a public building in the country.

　　It will hold thousands of plants in more than 150 species-wild onion and butterfly weed, sky-blue aster and buffalo grass-to provide data on what species adapt best. Small plants requiring shallow soil depths were chiefly selected.

　　57. The rooftop garden project ________.

　　[A] is common and popular in the country

　　[B] is a demonstration project and costs the city government 1.5 million dollars

　　[C] will make the ordinary cooling down of the city in summer unnecessary

　　[D] aims at getting people involved and understanding their impact on the environment

　　58. What can we learn about the City Hall?

　　[A] It was built ninety years ago and is the most outstanding feature in the center of the city.

　　[B] It is originally proper to build a garden on the top of the City Hall.

　　[C] The temperature on its top is a little bit lower than that on the street below.

　　[D] It is the first building in America to have a garden on it.

　　59. Which of the following statements is TRUE?

　　[A] Every year, Chicago spends about $ 4,000 on cooling the city.

　　[B] The design of the garden on the City Hall specially takes into consideration the weight the roof can stand.

　　[C] The Mayor urged the environmental department to look into rooftop gardens in Hamburg and build similar ones in America.

　　[D] Heat islands mainly refer to those dark-colored rooftops which receive and retain heat and will not easily release the heat.

　　60. Why should the rooftop garden be built on the top of City Hall other than on any other buildings?

　　[A] Because the City Hall is large.

　　[B] Because the mayor had urged the environmental department to do so.

　　[C] Because it can make people understand their impact on environment better through a public building.

　　[D] Because the experts just want to make the City Hall a convenient laboratory.

　　61. The word "substantially" (Line 2, Para. 5) most likely means ________.

　　[A] a little bit [B] in fact [C] materially [D] considerably

　　Part V Error Correction (15 minutes)

　　Directions: This part consists of a short passage. In this passage, there are altogether 10 mistakes, one in each numbered line. You may have to change a word, add a word or delete a word. Mark out the mistakes and put the corrections in the blanks provided. If you change a word, cross it out and write the correct word in the corresponding blank. If you add a word. put an insertion mark (∧) in the right place and write the missing word in the blank. If you delete a word, cross it out and put a slash (/) in the blank.

　　Example:

　　Television is rapidly becoming the literature of our periods. 1. time/times/period

　　Many of the arguments having used for the study of literature 2. ____/____

　　as a school subject are valid for ∧ study of television. 3. ____the____

　　Language learning begins with listening. Individual

　　children vary greatly in the amount of listening they do after 62. ________

　　they start speaking, and late starters are often long listeners.

　　Most children will "obey" spoken instructions some time

　　before they can speak, though the word obey is hardly

　　accurate like a description of the eager and delighted 63. ________

　　cooperation usually shown by the child. Before they can

　　speak, many children will ask questions in gesture and by 64. ________

　　making questioning noises. Any attempt to trace the

　　development from the noises babies make to their first

　　spoken words lead to considerable difficulties. It is agreed 65. ________

　　they enjoy making noises, and that during the first 66. ________

　　few months one or two noise sort themselves out as 67. ________

　　particular indicative of delight, distress, sociability, and so 68. ________

　　on. But since these can be said to show the baby's intention to 69. ________

　　communicate, they can hardly be regarded as early forms of

　　language. It is agreed, too, that from about three months they

　　play with sounds for enjoyment, and that by six months they

　　are able to add new sounds to their repertoire. This

　　self-imitation leads on to deliberate imitation of sounds

　　making or words spoken to them by other people. The 70. ________

　　problem then arises as to the point which one can say that 71. ________

　　these imitations can be considered as speech.

　　Part VI Translation (5 minutes)

　　Directions: Complete the following sentences on Answer Sheet 2 by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets.

　　72. It turned out that getting fired from that company ________________________ (对我来说是发生在我身上的最棒的事情).

　　73. It is necessary that ________________________ (马上把他送到医院).

　　74. Make a list each day of all that you are grateful for, ________________________ (这样你就能每天都注意到从别人那里得到了什么).

　　75. His silence suggested that ________________________ (他赞成我的决定，并决定执行那个计划).

　　76. Only with combined efforts, ________________________ (我们才能期望我们的国家有新的面貌).

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