完形填空是考查语言知识和语篇水平的综合测试方式。要求考生具有一定的阅读理解能力，扎实的语法知识，同时对各类词法、句法、上下文逻辑关系、语义搭配以及写作技巧等还需具有较强的运用能力。选择完形填空与单句选择填空在形式上相似，但考查的内容却包括词汇、语法、阅读和写作等各方面的应用能力。
第一单元 完形填空测试要点
从干扰项的设计来看，近几年完形填空大体有以下特点:
1． 搭配题
1) 名词与介词的搭配，如95年的answers to ( answers __88__the more difficult ones)；
2) 形容词和介词的搭配 be confident in ( the ones __85__which they are most confident)；
3) 动词与介词的搭配，如97年的take sth for granted (Take it __69__ granted that he likes everything),98年的judge …from (We judge race usually __62__ the colouring of the skin), get to work ( before __82__ to work) 和 adapt to ( the easier it will be for them to _____ to the new environment)；
4) 动词和名词的搭配，如98年的 take step ( there may be one more step they have to ___81___ before registering for classes and ___82__ to work) ；
5) 副词与分词的搭配,如98年的well prepared (they may also take one of more examinations that test how _73__ prepared they are for the university)等等。
这些都是常用的固定搭配,考生只要平时多加注意，在考试中便可轻松应对。
2．短语
另外一类比较简单的选项为短语，这些也大都是约定俗成的，如95年的take place，come from，97年的have an idea, come back, 98年的in the past, 2000年的learn by heart。
3．上下文线索
名词、动词、形容词的选择题中，大多情况下是四个选项没有任何联系，语义差别也比较大，选择时需根据上下文进行语意方面的判断，多数情况下，上下文中有同现和复现现象，考生应注意利用这些提示。
第二单元 完形填空解题技巧 (一)注意词汇知识的运用
完形填空中对词的考查以实词为主，如形容词、动词、副词等。其中有相当一部分词汇题中各个选项之间并无大的联系。这类题要求考生应从上下文的语义入手，根据各选项单词的意思和结构进行选择。
1． 注意动词自身的结构功能
对动词来说，一般从两点设干扰项，一是动词的结构功能，如能不能接宾语，接什么样的宾语，能不能接复合宾语；二是上下文的语义要求。有相当部分选择题考生只从结构上就可做出正确的判断。 如：
① Individuals of every race __76__ civilization to go backward or forward.
76. A. make B. cause C. move D. turn
根据动词的句法功能可以判断答案为B。
② Some high school students may be __76__ to have an interview with representatives of the university.
76. A. acquired B. considered C. ordered D. required
根据四个选项的句法功能可以排除A，B两个选项。从常识来看，大学招生时的面试是一项"要求"，而非一项"命令"，所以答案为D。
2． 注意分析动词所包含的肯定/否定含义与上下文的关系
在做动词选择题时，除观察动词自身的结构功能之外，还应注意其语义特点，比如，有的单词含有肯定含义，有的却有否定的含义。考生可借助这一特点，分析具体的上下文。如：
Do not talk too much to the child __75_ meal times, but let him get on with his food, and do not _76__ him to leave table immediately after a meal or he will __77__learn to swallow his food __78__ he can hurry back to his toys.
75. A. on B. over C. by D. during
76. A. agree B. allow C. force D. persuade
77. A. hurriedly B. soon C. fast D. slowly
78. A. so B. until C. lest D. although
76题动词的选择依赖于上下句意思的需要。从四个选项的结构功能来看，A不对，因为agree后不能接复合宾语。从语意角度来看，A，B包含否定的含义，C，D包含肯定的含义。"不同意/允许孩子马上离开"即阻止孩子离开， 而"不强迫/说服孩子马上离开"即允许孩子离开，只是不采用强制的手段。根据下文"否则孩子会养成狼吞虎咽的习惯以便尽快地回去玩自己的玩具"，答案应是B。可见，动词的选择不仅应看其句法功能，还需根据上下文确定其语义要求。
3．注意分析上下文的情景
结构是为意思服务的，在完形填空中大部分选项只看动词的结构功能是很难判断的，考生应注意分析上下文的情景。对于行为动词的选择应想象当时所发生的事情，根据"目睹的所发生的事情"进行选择。如：
③ The plane was moving unsteadily through the air, and __71__ the passengers had fastened their seat belts, they were suddenly __72__ forward.
71. A. although B. while C. therefore D. then
72. A. shifted B. thrown C. put D. moved
虽然72中的四个动词都能与forward.搭配，但根据飞机在空中如此颠簸的情况，乘客应该是被"抛向前方"。另外，shift一般还表示左右摇摆为多，put forward一般做"提出(建议)"解，move forward是"向前移动"可能是乘客从座位上走下来，向前漫漫移动，与当时飞机上的情形不符。
4． 注意上下句的联系，不要孤立地根据一句进行判断
完形填空不同于"词汇语法填空"之处就于，在完形填空所依赖的上下文比词汇语法填空要大的多。在做完形填空时，考生必胱邢冈亩辽舷挛模胁豢芍黄疽痪涞奶崾窘信卸稀Ｈ纾骸?BR> It later became a custom to write directions on small cards, or "etiquette", as to how visitors should dress themselves and ___81__ during an important ceremony at the royal court. (Thus) the word "etiquette" began to indicate a system of correct manners for people to follow.
81. A. act B. prepare C. respond D. follow
该题中四个选项意思差别很大，也没有结构上的特殊要求，只能根据上下文的意思确定选项。本句所处短文所要说明的是词语的演变问题。该句所表达的是在法语中"etiquette"是一种卡片，用来书写提示，提示客人应该穿什么衣服，以及在仪式上应注意的事项，即言谈举止应注意的问题，再结合下文的to indicate a system of correct manners for people to follow可以判断本题答案应是A。
5． 注意词汇与话题的同现
每个单词都有其适应的空间，其适合的话题，与同一话题相连的单词就构成了一个以话题为中心的词汇链。在做完形填空时考生可以借助词汇链的知识帮助完成选择。如
I have no doubt that (virtually) all of these people were __74__ in school that the earth revolves around the sun; (they) may even have written it(on)a test.
74. A. learned B. suggested C. taught D. advised
与学校这个话题相连的动词很多，如teach, learn, study, attend, leave, take, drop out, dismiss等等。根据本题四个选项的特点和74处被动语态的使用，考生可以轻松地判断答案为C。
6. 注意介词的表意功能和搭配功能
完形填空中涉及到介词选择的有两种：一种是常用介词的基本用法；另一种是与介词有关的搭配，测试中以搭配居多，也有部分常用介词用法的考查。在做这类考题时将介词选项的表意功能与上下文结合起来即可。 如：
① He may try to solve a problem by using the theories __84__ science or by experimenting through trial and error.
84. A. of B. with C. to D. as
"科学的理论"，of表示"有关"。
② Some geography books focus on a small area __77__ a town or city.
77. A. outside B. as C. except D. like
四个介词无任何相同之处，意思差别很大，根据a small area和 town city之间的列举关系，答案应是D。
③ A geographer might be described __85_ one who observes, records, and explains the differences between places.
85. A. for B. as C. to D. by
表示"作为"的介词是as。
④ They read over the questions __83__ trying to answer any of them.
83. A. after B. besides C. before D. against
阅读问题和回答问题之间所存在的是时间上的前后问题，自然是先阅读问题后回答，所以答案为C。
⑤ People see the "sun" moving __80__ the sky as morning turns to night, and the earth seems stationary (while) that is happening.
80. A. around B. across C. on D. above
太阳由东向西划过天空，四个选项中只有B，能表示"从一边到另一边"，答案应是B。
7． 根据代词在上下文中的替代作用选择适当的代词
就代词而言，重点是看其在上下文中的替代作用，同时要特别注意that,one等的运用。如：
① The foreign research scholar usually isolates __76_ in the laboratory as a means of protection.
76. A. himself B. him C. oneself D. one
这是反身代词的一般用法，句子主语不是泛指的one，C不对，答案为A。
② What he needs is to be fitted with a highly organized university system quite different from __79__ at home.
79. A. those B. what C. which D. that
根据所对比的内容"university system"，可以判断，79所代替的是可数单数特指，说明答案应是D。
③ Never asks a child whether he likes or dislikes a food and never _66__ else to do so.
66. A. everybody B. anybody C. somebody D. nobody
本句为否定句，因此应选择非断定词，即答案为B。
④ At meal times it is a good idea to give a child a small portion and let him come back for a second helping rather than give him as __74__ as he is likely to eat all at once.
74. A. much B. little C. few D. many
本句所谈论的是一顿饭应该让孩子吃多少，从这一点上来讲，量的表达应用不可数代词，C，D可以排除。从上文中的a small portion来看，这里所要表达是"而不是孩子想吃多少就让他吃多少"， 即 as much as he is likely to eat， 答案为A。
