2)修饰同现
③ (Although) these wide modern roads are generally __72__ and well maintained, with (little) sharp curves and many straight __74__, a direct route is not always the most (enjoyable one).
72. A. stable B. smooth C. splendid D. complicated
74. A. selections B. separations C. series D. sections
本题涉及到名词同现和形容词同现。与高速公路同现的形容词自然应该是"平坦"，有高速公路同现的名词自然有路段。由此来判断可知72答案为B，74答案为D。
3)因果同现
④ Furthermore, these highways generally __77__ large urban centers which means that they become crowded with __78_ traffic during rush hours.
77. A. lead B. connect C. collect D. communicate
78. A. large B. fast C. light D. heavy
道路的作用是连接人们有去之处,目的是为了交通,因此,highways, connect, traffic为同现词汇，而与traffic同现的形容词有light, heavy。由此可见77答案为B，78答案可为C，也可为D。但与rush hour同现的却只能是heavy traffic，所以78题答案为D。
4)结构同现
⑤ _84__ of these are good two-lane roads; others are uneven roads (curving) through the country.
84. A. All B. Lots C. Several D. Some
如果考生熟悉some与others结构上的同现关系，就用不着在分析数量上下功夫，答案自然可得。
⑥ Never ask a child __64__ he likes or dislikes a food and never (discuss) likes and dislikes in front of or allow (anyone) else to do so.
64. A. whether B. what C. that D. which
本题考查的乃是结构同现，与or 搭配的只有whether，即A。
5)同义同现
⑦ If a student has problem with classroom work, the student should either __89__ a professor during office hours __90__ make an appointment.
89. A. greet B. attach C. approach D. annoy
90. A. or B. and C. to D. but
90 与either构成结构同现 either … or，89与make an appointment为近义同现。make an appointment就是approach(接近)老师的一种方式，所以89题答案为C.
(三) 逻辑关系
一个完整的语篇应该是符合逻辑的，文章逻辑关系的取得主要靠转承语的使用。正确使用转承语，是保证文章连贯和谐，保证文章逻辑的有效手段。作者利用转承语保证文章的逻辑，同学们在做完形填空时通过自己对上下文的理解，找到适当的逻辑关系，然后选择正确的转承语。因此同学们有必要掌握各种转承语的用法。
完形填空的目的不是阅读，而是根据阅读掌握的信息恢复作者写作的原貌。从转承语上来说，即要求考生根据文章的语意发展和逻辑关系，确定适当的词语。
转承语与连词不同。连词一般是句子层面上的东西，要求考生所理解的是一句中主从句之间的语意联系，而转承语要求考生掌握的是语篇层面上的东西，考生需根据语篇上下文的逻辑关系才能确定适当的表达方式。因此，在转承语的选择上，同学们要仔细阅读文章的上下文内容，从整体上去把握。试看下列例题：
① The foreign research scholar usually isolates (himself) in the laboratory as a means of protection; __77_, what he needs is to be fitted (with) a highly organized university system quite different from (that) at home.
77. A. otherwise B. moreover C. however D. also
外籍研究学者习惯于将自己关闭在实验室之内，而他们所需要的却是溶入与他们原来所处的教育体系不同的体系之内。从上下文来看，两句的关系为转折，所以答案为C。
② …………a geographer might be described (as) one who observes, records, and explains the (differences) between places. If all places (were) alike, there would be little need for geographers. We know, however, (that) no two places are exactly the same. Geography, __89_, is a point of view, a special way of (looking) at places.
89. A. still B. then c. nevertheless D. moreover
在讨论了对地理学的研究之后，于文章的最后结论道，"地理学也是一种观点，一种观察不同地区的特殊方法"。由此可见，89 答案为B。
③ In the United States, professor have many other duties (besides) teaching, such as administrative or research work. __87__ the time that a professor can spend with a student outside of class is (limited).
87. A. However B. Furthermore C. Therefore D. Nevertheless
因为教授们的工作很多，不只是教学，所以他们能与学生在一起的时间比较有限。从上下文的逻辑关系来看，应该是因果关系，答案为C。
④ The plane was now dangerously close (to) the ground, but to everyone's (relief), it soon began to climb. The man had to (circle) the airport several times in order to become (familiar) with the controls of the plane. __86__ the danger had not yet passed. The terrible (moment) came when he had to land.
86. A. Then B. Therefore C. But D. Moreover
飞机又爬到空中，在机场盘旋了几次，"驾驶员"也熟悉了飞机的操作，似乎危险已过，但情况远非如此。从下文中所介绍的飞机降落时的情况可以看出86答案应该是C。
⑤ Students find preparatory method helpful (in) examinations. They read over the questions (before) trying to answer any of them. __84___ they answer first the ones (in) which they are most confident. Meanwhile, deeper mental activities in the subconscious mind are taking (place); work is being done on the (less) difficult question. By the time the easier questions are answered, answers (to) the more difficult ones will begin to come into consciousness.
84. A. Thus B. But C. Therefore D. Then
这里介绍了在解答问题时"准备工作"的重要性。学生在回答问题之前先阅读所有的问题，然后先回答比较容易的，比较容易的问答完之后，对难的问题的答案也就自然而然地在大脑总出现。这反映出预先阅读的重要性。考生在把所有这些读清楚之后，就自然会清楚84处所表示的 时间上的关系，也就可以判断答案为D。
⑥ A land free from destruction, plus wealth, natural resources, and labor supply - all these were important (factors) in helping England to become the center for the Industrial Revolution. __72___ they were not enough. Something (else) was needed to start the industrial process. That "something special" was men.
72. A. But B. Besides C. And D. Even
文章首先介绍财富，资源，劳动力在工业革命中的作用，然后笔锋一转提出文章的主题，发明机器的人。从这关系上看，72处应是转折连词。答案为A。
⑦ The word "etiquette", which is (of) French origin and originally meant a label, (or) a sign, passed into Spanish and kept its original meaning. So in Spanish the word "etiquette" today is used to (indicate) the small tags which a store (attaches) to a suit, a dress or a bottle. The word "etiquette" in French, __79__, gradually developed a different meaning. It __80__ became the custom to write directions on small cards, or "etiquette", as to how visitors should dress themselves and (act) during an important ceremony at the royal court. __82_, the word "etiquette" began to indicate a system of correct manners for people to follow.
79. A. moreover B. however C. therefore D. furthermore
80. A. late B. lately C. latest D. later
82. A. Nevertheless B. Also C. Yet D. Thus
这一部分介绍了语言中单词意思的变化。列举了两种情况，一种是单词意思没有变化，另一种是发生了变化，因此两者之间的关系为对比，从文章叙述的逻辑来看是转折，79答案为B。在介绍单词意思变化时介绍了"etiquette"在法语中的变化过程。这个变化过程是一个时间的过程，80答案为D。在介绍"etiquette"的意思变化时通过一种习俗加以说明，上下为因果关系，82答案为D。
(四)根据文章的类型结构解答完形填空
四六级完形填空多以说明文和议论文为主，说明文，议论文一般采用分类、比较对照、因果、例证等方式谋篇。正确把握文章的结构类型有助于文章的理解，也因此有助于完形填空的解答。完形填空的任务是在正确理解短文的基础上再现作者的语言表达方式。为此，同学们应注意加强文章谋篇布局的分析。
1．四级完形填空的段落类型
1) 比较对照型
比较对照是四六级英语考试完形填空中比较常用的一种段落格式。在解答这类完形填空时考生应注意利用比较对照模式所提供的信息，包括对比项各自的特点，语言表达的方式，由于对比的出现，很容易出现复现现象，考生应注意利用这些信息，帮助解答完形填空。如：
The United States is well known for its network of major highways designed to help a driver get from one place to another in the shortest possible time._71__ these wide modern roads are generally _72__ and well maintained, with __73_ sharp curves and many straight __74__, a direct route is not always the most __75___ one. Large highways often pass __76___ scenic areas and interesting small town. Furthermore, these highways generally __77__ large urban centers which means that they become crowded with ___78__ traffic during rush hours, __79__ the "fast, direct" way becomes a very slow route.
However, there is __80__ always-another route to take __81_ you are not in hurry. Not far from the __82__ new "super highways", there are often older, __83_ heavily traveled roads which go through the countryside . __84__ of these are good two-lane roads; others are uneven roads __85_ through the country. These secondary routes may go up steep slopes, along high __86_, or down frightening hillsides to towns __87_ in deep valleys. Through these less direct routes, longer and slower, they generally go place __88__ the air is clean and the scenery is beautiful, and the driver may have __89___ to get a fresh, clean __90__ of the world.
71. A. Although B. Because C. Since D. Therefore
72. A. stable B. splendid C. smooth D. complicated
73. A. little B. few C. much D. many
74. A. selections B. separations C. series D. sections
75. A. terrible B. enjoyable C. possible D. profitable
76. A. to B. into C. over D. by
77. A. lead B. connect C. collect D. communicate
78. A. large B. light C. fast D. heavy
79. A. when B. for C. but D. that
80. A. yet B. still C. almost D. quite
81. A. unless B. as C. if D. since
82. A. relatively B. regularly C. respectively D. reasonably
83. A. and B. less C. more D. or
84. A. All B. Several C. Lots D. Some
85. A. driving B. crossing C. curving D. traveling
86. A. rocks B. cliffs C. roads D. paths
87. A. lying B. laying C. laid D. lied
88. A. there B. which C. when D. where
89. A. space B. chance C. period D. spot
90. A. view B. variety C. visit D. virtue
参考答案为：71. A 72. C 73. B 74. D 75. C
76. D 77. B 78. D 79. A 80. C
81. B 82. A 83. B 84. D 85. C
86. B 87. A 88. D 89. C 90. A
再如95年6月四级完形填空中的两段。从Many of them were (more) inventors than scientists.可以看出，下文将要比较发明家与科学家的不同。带着这个问题阅读，就很容易掌握文章的信息，就不难读懂纯理论科学家注重的是研究的准确性，而发明家注重的是实用。根据上下文的对照关系可以很轻松地确定答案。
The men who __76__ the machines of the Industrial Revolution __77__ from many backgrounds and many occupations. Many of them were __78__ inventors than scientists. A man who is a __79_ scientist is primarily interested in doing his research ___80__. He is not necessarily working __81___ that his findings can be used.
An inventor or one interested in applied science is __82___ trying to make something that has a concrete __83__. He may try to solve a problem by using the theories __84__ science or by experimenting through trial and error. Regardless of his method, he is working to obtain __85__ result: the construction of a harvesting machine, the burning of a light bulb, or one of __86__ other objectives.
76. A. employed B. created C. operated D. controlled
77. A. came B. arrived C. stemmed D. appeared
78. A. less B. better C. more D. worse
79. A. genuine B. practical C. pure D. clever
80. A. happily B. occasionally C. reluctantly D. accurately
81. A. now B. and C. all D. so
82. A. seldom B. sometimes C. usually D. never
83. A. plan B. use C. idea D. means
84. A. of B. with C. to D. as
85. A. single B. sole C. specialized D. specific
86. A. few B. those C. many D. all
参考答案 ：
76．B 77. A 78. C 79. C 80. D 81. D
82. C 83. B 84. A 85. D 86. C
