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备考六月:英语四六级阅读理解应试技巧

  大学英语四六级考试阅读理解部分是众多考生最为担心的部分。此部分得分高低,对整个考试的成功与否起着决定性作用。阅读理解不仅考查学生的词汇量、语法知识、阅读速度等基本功,而且还考查学生判断、推理、归纳、总结等综合能力。阅读理解题虽说对考生要求较高,但我们在深入研究历届四六级阅读理解真题后发现,阅读理解的命题考点和测试题型均有一定的内在规律。考生只要基本功尚可,然后掌握了这些规律,其应试技巧必将大大提高,从而在众多强手中脱颖而出。

第一单元   阅读应试理论

一、分析文章结构 
一般来说,我们阅读文章的目的是为了获取信息。文章体裁不同,其结构特点就会各异。因此,我们获取信息的最有效方法之一就是去学习和了解文章的结构,以便更加准确、快速地定位我们要找的信息。 
大学英语四级考试中的阅读理解文章的体裁主要有三类:叙述文、说明文和议论文。下面我们结合2000年12月份的大学英语四级考试真题来具体说明如何利用文章的结构特点来达到阅读的目的。 


例4. The sensation of sound involves a verity of factors in addition to its peak level. …In regular programming the intensity of sound varies over a large rage. However, sound levels in commercials tend to stay at or near peak level. 
Q: Commercials create the sensate at the highest sound level. 
(A)TV stations always operate at the highest sound level. 
(B)Their sound levels are kept around peak level. 
(C)Their sound levels are kept in the middle frequency ranges. 
(D)Unlike regular programs their intensity of sound varies over a wide range. 

(分析:选B项,该题属阐述说明主旨大意的事实细节题。用however作转折,指出商业节目的音量是保持或接近峰值(peak levels)。命题者给出的B答案中,只是对however后原句进行了词语和句型的转换。) 
5、复杂句常考 
复杂句常是命题者出题之处,包括同位语、插入语、定语、长句后半句,从句、不定式、副词等,命题者主要考查考生对句子之间指代关系。文章段落之间关系的理解,常以逻辑推理题型出现,包括少量其它题型。 
例1. As families move away from their stable community, their friends of many years, their extended family relationships, the informals flow of in formation is cut off, and with it the confidence that information will be available when needed and will be trustworthy and reliable… 
Q:The word "it" most probably refers to ________ . 
(A) the lack of stable communities. 
(B) The breakdown of informal imformation channels. 
(C) The increased mobility of families 
(D) The growing number of people moving from place to place. 
(分析:选B项,本题属句际关系推理题型,要善于分析句子结构,As 引导的前半部分是状语从句,主句是"the informal flow of information is cut off", with引导的短语表伴随。) 
例2. The manufacturer who increases the unit price of his product by his package size to lower the quantity delivered can, without undue hardship, put his product into boxes, bags, and tins that will contain even 4-iybcem, 8-ounce, one-pound, two-pound quantities of breakfast foods, cake, mixes, etc. 
Q:The word"undue" means " ______ "。 
(A)improper (B)unexpected (C)adequate (D)excessive 
(分析:选D项,这属词汇题型,但需要分析句子结构和上下文逻辑。该句看似复杂,但结构容易分析,主语"the manufacturer",谓语"can put",宾语his product, who引导定语从句,that此引导定语从句,without undue hardship介词组作插入部分。句子结构分析好,全句意思就易弄懂,制造商改变包装大小或样式不需要过多的艰辛努力,故选D。) 
例3 … All this will lead to a population in the twenty first century that is smaller than was feared a few years ago. For those anxious to see world population brang by under ventral the news is encouraging. 
Q:The population in the 21st century,arousing to the writer,_____. 
(A) will be smaller than a few gears ago. 
(B) will not be as small as people expect. 
(C) will prove to be a threat to the world. 
(D) will not constitute as serious a problem as expected. 
(分析:选D项。属逻辑推理型题。考生关键要理解that 引导的定语从句意思,然后联系下句,便知D项是正确选项。)
6、因果句常考 
命题者常以文中因果句命制一些考查文中两个事件内在的因果关系的试题,或出些概括文意、段意试题。一般以"推理性"题型和主旨大意题型出现,兼顾少量其它题型。表示因果关系的词有:because, since, for,as, therefore, consequently, result in, originate from 等。 
例1. Why? Because company executives are afraid of the bad publicity that would result if the public found out that their computer had been misused . They hesitate at the thought of a criminal boasting in opera court of how… 
Q:The passage is mainly about______ . 
(A) why computer crimes are difficult to detect by systematic inspection. 
(B) Why computer criminals are often able to escape punishment. 
(C) How computer criminals manage to get good recommendations from their former employers. 
(D) Why computer crimes can't be eliminated. 
(分析:选D项。属主旨大意型。文章前几段说到了利用计算机犯罪的人即使被抓,不仅不受惩罚,而且还会得到以前老板充满热情的推荐信。这是什么原因呢(why?)Because…作了回答。这也就是全文要告诉读者的关于计算机犯罪清除不了的原因,故选D。) 
例2 … Certainly it (telephone) has extended the scope of human conflicts, since it impartially disseminates(传播)the useful knowledge of scientists and the nonsense of the ignorant, the affection of the affectionate and the malice(恶意)of the malicious. 
Q:The author describes the telephone as impartial because it______. 
(A) saves lives of people in remote places. 
(B) Enables people to live alone if they want to. 
(C) Spreads both love and ill will 
(D) Replaces much written communication. 
(分析:选C项。属逻辑推理型题。Since引导的从句表明电话不偏不倚地传播着科学家的真言,无知者的废话,仁者之爱心,恶者之恶意。因此,从这句话我们可以推断出电话"spreads both love and ill will"故选C)。 
例3 … The primary reason why it was revolutionary is that it led to great social change…
Q:According to the author, the introduction of the composer is a revolution mainly because . 
(A) the computer has revolutionized the working of the human mind. 
(B) The computer can do the tasks that could only be done by people before. 
(C) It has helped to switch to an information technology. 
(D) It has a great potential impact on society. 
(分析:选D项。属逻辑推理型题。原段首句就交待了没有什么技术发展比计算机革命对我们生活产生的影响要大。然后指出工业革命之所以是一切革命在于它导致了巨大的社会变化。由此可以推断,计算机的诞生之所以是一场革命主要是D项:it has a great potential impact on society.) 
7、特殊标点符号后内容常考 
由于特殊标点符号后内容是对前面内容的进一步解释和说明,因此命题者常以标点符号后的内容进行提问。具体说,特殊标点符号包括:(1)破折号(表解释);(2)括号(表解释);(3)冒号(表解释);(4)引号(表引用)。题型一般有推理题,主旨大意题,细节事实题等。 
例1. Just how critical this eye maneuvering is to the maintenance of conversational flow becomes evident when two speakers are wearing dark glasses there may be a sort of trefoil jam of words caused by interruption, false, and unpredictable pauses. 
Q:To keep a conversation flowing smoothing, it is better for the participants ______ . 
(A) out to wear dark spectacles 
(B) not to make any interruptions 
(C) not to glance away 
(D) not to make unpredictable pauses. 
(分析:选A。属辨认细节事实题型,冒号前一句话意思是当两个说话者戴墨镜进行交谈时,谈话的流利性就会受影响。冒号后一句话进一步解释了会有哪些影响,即会有一些停顿或错误表达,或随便插话。答案B、D项是结果,不是条件,C项短文没提,故选A。) 

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