2018年12月大学英语四级选词填空解析-空气污染篇

　　Millions die early from air pollution each year. Air pollution costs the global economy more than $5 trillion annually in welfare costs, with the most serious [26] damage occurring in the developing world. The figures include a number of costs [27] associated with air pollution. Only considering lost income alone amounts to $225 billion a year.

　　The report includes both indoor and outdoor air pollution. Indoor pollution, which includes [28] sources like home heating and cooking, has remained [29] constant over the past several decades despite advances in the area. Levels of outdoor pollution have grown rapidly along with rapid growth in industry and transportation. Director of Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation Chris Murray [30] described it as an “urgent call to action.”“ One of the risk factors for premature deaths is the air we breathe, over which individuals have little [31] control,” he said.

　　The effects of air pollution are worst in the developing world, where in some places lost labor income [32] equals nearly 1% of GDP. Around 9 and 10 people in low and middle income countries live in places where they [33] regularly experience dangerous levels of outdoor air pollution.

　　But the problem is not limited [34] exclusively to the developing world. Thousands die prematurely in the U.S. as a result of related ailments. In many European countries, where diesel [35] vehicles have become more common in recent years, that number reaches in the tens of thousands.

　　26.【答案】 F damage

　　【解题思路】空格前为most serious为形容词，可判断此空格处为名词，前半句讲空气污染每年给全球经济造成超过5万亿美元的福利成本，对于发展中国家带来最大的伤害。因此选择 damage

　　27.【答案】B associated

　　【解题思路】The figures include a number of costs [27]_____ with air pollution空格前主谓宾齐全，可判断空格处和后面的with构成短语做后置定语来修饰前面的cost. Associate with 与……想联系，相关.这个数字包括了与空气污染相关的很多花费。

　　28. 【答案】M sources

　　【解题思路】Indoor pollution, which includes [28]_____空格前为动词，可知空格处为名词来做动词的宾语。第二段首句表示据报道污染有室内和室外污染，室内污染包括像home heating(居家取暖) and cooking(烹饪)的这些来源

　　29.【答案】D constant

　　【解题思路】has remained 29_____ over the past several decades despite advances in the area.remain 作为系动词，可判断空格处为形容词，但像家庭取暖和做饭这样的室内污染在过去的数十年仍在继续。

　　30.【答案】G described

　　【解题思路】Director of Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation Chris Murray [30]_____it as an “urgent call to action.” 空格前为名词，空格后为代词，可判断空格出为动词，后面有as作为补语，可判断词动词可与as作为搭配，describe...as“把 ……描述为”。

　　31.【答案】E control

　　【解题思路】One of the risk factors for premature deaths is the air we breathe, over which individuals have little [31] ______，空格前为限定词，可判断空格出为名词，过早死亡的危险因素之一就是我们呼吸额空气，个人对其几乎没有控制权。

　　32.【答案】H equals

　　【解题思路】The effects of air pollution are worst in the developing world, where in some places lost labor income [32] nearly 1% of GDP. 空格前为lost labor income 作为定语从句主语，空格后为名词，可判断此空格为谓语，空气污染对发展中国家的影响最为严重，在一些地方，劳动收入的损失相当于GDP的近1%。

　　33.【答案】K regularly

　　【解题思路】Around 9 and 10 people in low and middle income countries live in places where they [33]_____ experience dangerous levels of outdoor air pollution.空格前为名词，空格后为动词及宾语，句子成分完整，可判断空格出为副词。在低收入和中等收入国家，大约有9到10人生活在经常遭受严重室外空气污染的地方。

　　34.【答案】I exclusively

　　【解题思路】But the problem is not limited [34]_____to the developing world. 空格前主语和谓语齐全，空格后有宾语，句子成分完整，可判断空格处为副词。但是这个问题并不仅仅局限于发展中国家。

　　35.【答案】O vehicles

　　【解题思路】In many European countries, where diesel 35vehicles have become more common in recent years, that number reaches in the tens of thousands. 空格后为动词，可判断空格出为主语，且前有diesel限定词空格处为名词，表示以柴油为动力的车辆。在许多欧洲国家，柴油汽车近年来变得越来越普遍，这个数字达到了数万辆。

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