3．非谓语动词
(1).以不定式做宾语的动词
aim, arrange, ask, afford, agree, apply, attempt, beg, bother, choose, claim, consent, care, decide, decline, demand, dare, desire, determine, elect, endeavor, expect, fail, guarantee, happen, hesitate, hope, intend, learn, long, manage, offer, ought, plan, prepare, presume, pretend, proceed, profess, promise, refuse, request, resolve, seek, strive, swear, tend, threaten, undertake, volunteer, wish
(2).以动名词做宾语的动词
miss, mind, enjoy, avoid, admit, finish, escape, practice, acknowledge, advise, allow, anticipate, appreciate, consider, complete, contemplate, delay, deny, endure, evade, facilitate, favor, forbid, forgive, imagine, involve, permit, quit, resent, resume, suggest, advocate, detest, excuse, fancy, mention, resist, risk, stand, understand, celebrate, dispute, doubt, dread, ensure, hinder, prohibit, recommend, can’t help, feel like
(3).不定式和动名词都可，但意义不同
mean, try, stop, regret, forget, remember, go on, love, like, hate, prefer, dislike
The bank is reported in the local newspaper __________ in broad daylight yesterday. (2001. 1)
A) being robbed B) having been robbed C) to have been robbed D) robbed
There’s a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means __________ trouble. (1997. 1)
A) making B) to make C) to have made D) having made
I’ll never forget __________ you for the first time. (2001. 1)
A) to meet B) meeting C) to have met D) having to be meeting
4．倒装
1）虚拟条件句，省略if，同时将had, were, should提到主语之前
Were it not for your help, we couldn’t have arrived there.
2) so/such...that
So little did he know about the subject that he had to stay up preparing for the exam.
3) as, though, no matter how (what), however
Young as he is, he has accomplished a lot.
However cold it is, he will go swimming in the lake.
4) so, neither, nor
He didn’t go to the concert, neither did his family.
5) no, hardly, never, scarcely, seldom, barely, rarely, no longer, not until, no sooner...than,
hardly...when, not only...but also, not, little, at no time, by no means, on no account, in
no case, in no way, under/in no circumstances在句首
6）only+adverb, prepositional phrase, adverbial clause
Only in this way can we hope to solve the problem of environmental pollution.
7) here/there/now/then/hence
Here comes the bus.
We have been told that under no circumstances __________ the telephone in the office for personal affairs. (1999. 6)
A) may we use B) we may use C) we could use D) did we use
5．一致性
1）时态一致
2）主谓一致
（1）时间，重量，长度，价值，面积，体积可以是单数
（2）and表示一个整体，用单数
bread and butter, cup and saucer, knife and fork, ebb and flow, needle and thread, trial and error, law and order, teacher and mother, president and commander-in-chief
（3）people, police, cattle, poultry, militia, youth通常为复数；public, family,
committee, audience, choir, class, club, company, council, crew, firm, gang,
school, staff, union, board, flock, government, jury可单可复
（4）any, anybody, anyone, anything, each, either, every, everybody, everyone,
everything, neither, nobody, no one, nothing, somebody, someone, something
（5）with, together with, as well as, like, but, except, accompanied by, in addition to,
rather than, besides, as much as
（6）either...or, neither...nor, not only...but also, not...but
（7）a number of, the number of
The owner and editor of the newspaper __________ attend the conference. (2002. 6)
A) is to B) are to
The growth of part-time and flexible working patterns, and of training and retraining schemes, __________ more women to take advantage of employment opportunities. (2000. 6)
A) allow B) allows C) allowing D) have allowed
