6．形容词和副词
1）形容词的词序：限定词（冠词，代词，所有格形式）+数词或last, next等+一般描述性形容词+大小，长短，高低+形状+年龄，新旧+颜色+国籍，地区，出处+物质材料+用途，类别+名词中心词
a bright red silk dress, a beautiful large green Chinese carpet
2）比较级和最高级
old (older, oldest, elder, eldest), far (farther, farthest, further, furthest), superior
3) 形容词的主动和被动
surprised, surprising
7. 情态动词
You __________ him so closely; you should have kept your distance. (2000. 1)
A) shouldn’t have been following B) couldn’t have been following
C) mustn’t follow D) shouldn’t follow
8. 连词
1）并列连词：and, but, yet, for, so, while, whereas, or, as well as, rather than, either...or, neither...nor, not only...but also
2）从属连词：
（1）引导时间状语：when, whenever, as, since, till, until, before, after, as soon as, once, the moment, the instant, immediately, the day, no sooner...than, hardly/scarcely...when, instantly, every time, the minute, the second
（2）地点：where, wherever, everywhere
（3）条件：if, unless, providing/provided (that), as long as, so long as, on condition that, suppose, supposing that, in case, if only
（4）原因：because, as, since, now that, seeing (that), considering (that), in view of, in that
（5）让步：though, although, even if, even though, as, while, whatever, wherever, whoever, however, no matter..., granting/granted (that), in spite of, despite
（6）比较：as...as, the same as, not so as, than
（7）方式：as, as if, as though, the way
（8）目的：that, so that, lest, in case, for fear that, in order that
（9）结果：so that, so...that, such...that, to such a degree/extent that
__________ receiving financial support from family, community or the government is allowed, it is never admired. (2001. 1)
A) As B) Once C) Although D) Lest
__________ you are leaving tomorrow, we can eat dinner together tonight. (1999. 6)
A) For B) Since C) Before D) While
9. 代词
As __________ announced in today’s papers, the Shanghai Export Commodities Fair is also open on Sundays.
A) being B) is C) to be D) been
10. 强调句型
__________ she realized it was too late to go home. (2000. 1)
A) No sooner it grew dark than B) Hardly did it grow dark that
C) Scarcely had it grown dark than D) It was not until dark that
11. 平行结构（排比）
I’d rather have a room of my own, however small it is, than __________ a room with someone else. (2001. 1)
A) share B) to share C) sharing D) to have shared
12. 独立结构
1）名词/代词+分词
A new technique __________, the yields as a whole increased by 20 percent. (1990. 1)
A) working out B) having worked out
C) having been worked out D) to have been worked out
2）With+名词/代词+done/doing
After the Arab states won independence, great emphasis was laid on expanding education, with girls as well as boys __________ to go to school. (1997. 1)
A) to be encouraged B) being encouraged
C) been encouraged D) be encouraged
