新东方白易礼：英语四级考试语法笔记(七)

　　例如：

　　He avoided giving me a definite answer. 他避免给我一个正确答案。

　　David suggested selling your dog and car to pay the debt.  戴维建议卖掉你的狗和车抵债。

　　(我们把这句话改为虚拟语气：David suggested that you (should) sell your dog and car to pay the debt. )

　　I couldn’t risk missing that train. 我可不敢冒误了那趟火车的险。

　　下列动词既可用动词不定式又可用动名词做宾语：

　　abhor憎恶，attempt 试图，begin 开始，cannot bear 无法忍受，cannot stand无法忍受，cease停止，continue，继续,，decline 拒绝，deserve值得，disdain蔑视，dread害怕，endure忍耐，forget忘记，hate 痛恨，intend打算，learn学，like 喜欢，loathe厌恶，love喜欢，mean意思是、意味着，need需要，neglect疏忽，omit省略，忽略，plan计划，prefer更喜欢，propose建议，regret后悔，remember记得，require需要，scorn蔑视、瞧不起，start开始，try尝试，努力，entail必须，involve涉及，necessitate使成为必要，等。以上多数动词用不定式或用动名词作宾语意思一样，个别不同。

　　(三)动名词短语作介词宾语的时候最多。尤其是在短语动词后面。如：

　　The children are fond of listening to pop music. 孩子们喜欢流行音乐。

　　Are you interested in going to the show? 你有兴趣去看演出吗?

　　Thomas insisted on doing it in his own way.  托马斯坚持按他自己的方法做这件事。

　　我们把这句话改为虚拟语气：Thomas insisted that he (should) do it in his own way.

　　Excuse me for interrupting you. 请原谅我打扰你，

　　Since returning from Xi’an, he has been busy. 从西安回来后，他一直很忙。

　　He warned me against swimming in this lake.   他警告我不要在这个湖里游泳。

　　改为不定式短语：He warned me not to swim in this lake.

　　We came out without being seen. 我们出来没被人看见。

　　Before finishing your homework, you’d better not go out.  做完作业之前，你最好别出去。

　　改为用before 作连词：Before you finish your homework, you’d better not go out.

　　(四)动名词也可以有自己的逻辑主语，就是在动名词短语前面加上物主代词或名词的所有格。带逻辑主语的动名词短语可做主语，宾语，表语等。在非正式文体当中，经常把物主代词简化为宾格人称代词，把名词所有格简化为名词。例如：

　　I insisted on his (him) going to the cinema with me. 我坚持要他和我一起去看电影。

　　I can hardly imagine Peter(Peter’s) sailing across the Atlantic Ocean in five days. 我简直不能想象彼得会在五天内横渡大西洋。

　　Linda’s coming will do you good.(主语) 林达的到来对你有好处。

　　What made him angry was their (them) laughing.(表语)使他生气的是他们笑。

　　(五)动名词的完成式和被动语态：

　　(1)完成式表示动名词的动作发生在谓语动作之前。例如：

　　I apologize for having broken my promise. 我没有遵守诺言，我道歉。

　　I don’t remember having talked with him before.   我不记得以前曾和他谈过话。

　　恨不相逢未嫁时。 → I regret not having met you before my marriage/before I got married.

　　(2)当动名词的逻辑主语是动名词动作的对象或承受者时，动名词要用被动语态。例如：

　　I could no longer stand being treated like that. 我再也不能忍受被那样对待。

　　She was proud of having been trained in the U.K. 在英国受过训，她感到自豪。

　　他不喜欢嘲笑别人。 →He doesn’t like laughing at others.

　　他不喜欢被人嘲笑。→He doesn’t like being laughed at.