新东方白易礼：英语四级考试语法笔记(七)

　　请看几个词组:

　　现在分词作定语: a sleeping dog=a dog that is sleeping

　　a flying bird=a bird that is flying

　　a crying baby=a baby that is crying

　　boiling water=water that is boiling

　　动名词作定语: a sleeping bag=a bag for sleeping

　　a swimming pool=a pool for swimming

　　a flying suit=a suit for flying

　　drinking water=water for drinking

　　4、动名词和不定式作宾语补足语时的区别。在look at，listen to, feel，hear，notice，observe，see，watch等动词后可以用不定式或现在分词作宾语补足语，意义差别不大。现在分词强调动作正在发生、还未结束;不定式只是陈述事实。

　　例如:

　　Did you hear someone knocking at the door?你刚才听到有人敲门吗?

　　Yes I did. I heard him knock three times.是的，我听到他敲了三下.

　　I saw your father working in your garden yesterday.

　　昨天我看见你父亲正在花园里干活。

　　I saw your father work in your garden yesterday.

　　昨天我见你父亲在园里干活。

　　〔注意〕find后面可用分词(现在分词和过去分词)作宾补，不用不定式。

　　如：

　　正：I found him lying on the ground.

　　误：I found him lie on the ground.

　　下列动词常跟分词作宾补:

　　catch抓住，have让、{吏，keep使处十某状态，get使得，see看见，hear听见，find发现，feel感觉到，leave使处于某状态，make使(只接过去分词)，want想要，start引起，notice注意到，observe观察，watch观看、注视，set使处于某状态，等等

　　5. allow, permit, forbid，encourage，advise的用法相似，具体如下:

　　(1) 后面无宾语时，接doing,.

　　例如:

　　Sorry we don' t allow smoking in the lecture room.对不起，本教室里不许抽烟。

　　The school doesn' t permit smoking in class.学校不许在课上抽烟。

　　Mrs. Green forbade smoking in her house.格林夫人禁止在她家抽烟。

　　The teacher encouraged speaking more English in class.老师鼓励在课堂上多说英语。

　　(2)后面有宾语时，接to do.

　　例如:

　　Tom' s mother will not allow him to watch the film on TV.汤姆的母亲不会允许他在电视上看那个电影。

　　The school doesn' t permit its students to smoke in class.学校不允许它的学生们在上课时抽烟。

　　Mrs. Green forbade us to smoke in her house.格林夫人不许我们在她家抽烟。

　　The teacher encouraged everybody to speak more English in class.老师鼓励每个人在课堂上多说英语。

　　The doctor advised me to take more exercises.大夫建议我多锻炼。