新东方白易礼：英语四级考试语法笔记(七)

　　As 引导非限定性定语从句时与which的区别：当主句和从句语义一致时，用as;反之，用which。

　　如：He made a long speech, as was expected.

　　He made a long speech, which was unexpected.

　　Tom drinks a lot every day, which his wife doesn’t like at all.

　　(3)但是，如果从句和主句的动作在将来不同的时间发生，则两部分都要用来将来时，

　　注：⑤在“介词+关系代词”的结构中，也可用复杂介词，如：by means of (用，依靠)，as a result of (作为结果)等：

　　例：I have three children, one daughter and two sons, all of whom graduated from the same university .

　　我有三个孩子：一个女儿、两个儿子，他们都毕业于同一所大学。

　　The police, in whom I have great confidence, are trying to find out who did it.

　　我对警察有极大的信心，他们正在努力寻找是谁做的这件事。

　　This is the part of the river in which I like to swim.

　　(in which=where)

　　我喜欢在这条河里面游泳，这就是(我喜欢游的)那个地方。

　　The man from whom you bought the house is my uncle.

　　你从他那里买下房子的那个人是我叔叔。

　　This is the desk by means of which he jumped over the wall.

　　这就是他用来跳过墙去的那张桌子。

　　She was running a fever, as a result of which she failed in the exam.

　　她当时正发烧，所以考试失败了。

　　He is the man from whose house the picture was stolen.

　　他就是那个家里的画被偷了的人。

　　注：⑥一个先行词后面可以跟一个以上的定语从句，这种现象叫双重关系从句：

　　例：Here are some words which are often used but which are very confusing.

　　这里有些常用但非常混乱的词。

　　He is the only person that I can find who is able to solve the problem.

　　他是我能找到的唯一解决这个问题的人。

　　名词性从句

　　在主从复合句中，从句可以充当主句的主语、表语、宾语或同位语。由于在多数情况下，主语、表语、宾语或同位语这四种句子成分由名词性词类充当，所以，我们把这些作用相当于名词的从句统称为名词性从句，把充当主语、表语、宾语或同位语的从句分别称为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句或同位语从句。也就是说充当什么成分就叫什么从句。名词性从句由连接词(或关联词)引导。

　　常用的连接词有：

　　疑问词(who, whom, whose, what, which, where, why, when, how)可以引导主语、宾语和表语从句。

　　它们的特点是：1、疑问词有本身的词义;2、疑问词在从句中担当句子成分，如主语、宾语或状语;3、这种疑问词引导的从句一律用陈述语序，不能用疑问语序。