新东方名师：大学英语四级考试语法提纲

　　v 常考的关系代词：that; which; who/whom/whose; where; when; what; as。

　　v 常见的同位语从句现行词(that之前的抽象名词)：fact, idea, news, hope, conclusion, evidence, opinion, problem, thought, understanding…

　　v 常用的引导词

　　o 时间状语从句：while; when; before; whenever; as; after; till; until; since; once; ever since; as/so long as; as soon as; no sooner… than; hardly… when; scarcely/barely… when; the moment/minute/instant; on (the point of) doing…

　　o 地点状语从句：where; wherever

　　o 原因状语从句：because; since; as; seeing that; considering that; now that; in that; for fear that; lest; owing to the fact that; because of the fact that; due to the fact that…

　　o 方式状语从句：as; as if; as though; how; save that…

　　o 比较状语从句：as; than; as… as; not so… as; hardly… than;

　　o 结果状语从句：so that; so… that; such… that; so as to…

　　o 条件状语从句：if; unless; in case; so long as; so far as; provided/providing/that; supposing; granted/granting that…; giving that….

　　o 让步状语从句：though; although; even if; even though; whether; as; however; no matter (what, how, when); for all that; in spite of the fact that; granted that; regardless of the fact that…

　　o 目的状语从句：that; so that; in order that; lest; for the fear that; in case…

　　定语从句:

　　which 引导的定语从句结构

　　1)which是关系代词，which后面应该加缺主语或者宾语的句子，

　　在这个句子中，which要作成分，作主语或者宾语

　　2)in which+完整的句子

　　which在定语从句中作in的宾语，所以不能作后面句子的主语

　　3)名词+of which+谓语动词

　　of which来修饰名词，名词在定语从句中作主语，所以后面直接跟谓语动词

　　I have five books three of which are borrowed from Mary.

　　4)介词+ which +to do 其功能相当于定语从句。

　　The key with which to open the door is lost.

　　5)定语从句的省略结构：

　　1. 如果that / which在定从中作 宾语，可以省略.

　　sub+vt+n+(which / that)+sub+vt

　　→s+vt+n+s+v

　　s+vt+n1+n2+vt

　　*当做题时，若发现两个名词在一起，但是似乎连不上，则一定省略that /

　　which，则动词为vt，做谓语。

　　6)定从的特殊省略

　　the way (in which) + 句子

　　the reason (why that)+句子　均为完整句

　　the time (that / when)+句子