2009年6月英语四级语法备战：with的用法大全

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　　with结构是许多英语复合结构中最常用的一种。学好它对学好复合宾语结构、不定式复合结构、动名词复合结构和独立主格结构均能起很重要的作用。本文就此的构成、特点及用法等作一较全面阐述，以帮助同学们掌握这一重要的语法知识。

　　一、 with结构的构成

　　它是由介词with或without+复合结构构成，复合结构作介词with或without的复合宾语，复合宾语中第一部分宾语由名词或代词充当，第二部分补足语由形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式或分词充当，分词可以是现在分词，也可以是过去分词。With结构构成方式如下：

　　1. with或without-名词/代词+形容词;

　　2. with或without-名词/代词+副词;

　　3. with或without-名词/代词+介词短语;

　　4. with或without-名词/代词+动词不定式;

　　5. with或without-名词/代词+分词。

　　下面分别举例：

　　1、 She came into the room，with her nose red because of cold.(with+名词+形容词，作伴随状语)

　　2、 With the meal over ， we all went home.(with+名词+副词，作时间状语)

　　3、The master was walking up and down with the ruler under his arm。(with+名词+介词短语，作伴随状语。) The teacher entered the classroom with a book in his hand.

　　4、He lay in the dark empty house，with not a man ，woman or child to say he was kind to me.(with+名词+不定式，作伴随状语) He could not finish it without me to help him.(without+代词 +不定式，作条件状语)

　　5、She fell asleep with the light burning.(with+名词+现在分词 ，作伴随状语)

　　6、Without anything left in the cupboard， she went out to get something to eat.(without+代词+过去分词，作为原因状语)

　　二、with结构的用法

　　在句子中with结构多数充当状语，表示行为方式，伴随情况、时间、原因或条件(详见上述例句)。

　　With结构在句中也可以作定语。例如：

　　1.I like eating the mooncakes with eggs.

　　2.From space the earth looks like a huge water-covered globe with a few patches of land sticking out above the water.

　　3.A little boy with two of his front teeth missing ran into the house.