英语四六级考试语法备考指导：名词性从句

　　一、宾语从句 (Object Clause)

　　宾语从句为肯定句(由that 引导)，在口语中that常省略。

　　(1)当主句中谓语动词是现在或将来时态时，从句中谓语动词不受主句中谓语动词时态的影响，按需要可以使用任何时态。如：

　　She says (that) she works from Monday to Friday. (从句是一般现在时)

　　She says (that) she will leave a message on his desk. (从句是一般将来时)

　　She says (that) she has never been to Mount Emei. (从句是现在完成时)

　　(2)当主句谓语是过去时态，从句中的时态一般用表示过去的某种时态。如：

　　He said there were no classes yesterday afternoon. (从句是一般过去时)

　　He said (that) he was going to take care of the baby. (从句是过去将来时)

　　He said (that) they were having a meeting at that time. (从句是过去进行时)

　　注意：当主句谓语是过去时态，而宾语从句叙述某一客观真理(事实)时，宾语从句的时态则用一般现在时。

　　The teacher told us (that) nothing is difficult if you put your heart into it.

　　老师告诉我们世上无难事只怕有心人。

　　He said that light travels much faster than sound. 他说光传播比声音传播快得多。

　　宾语部分为一般疑问句(由whether引导)

　　“Can you help me?” He asked.

　　He asked whether (if) I could help him.

　　She asked, “Will Lao Li come to my birthday party?”

　　She asked whether (if) Lao Li would come to her birthday party.

　　注意：在将一般疑问句转变成宾语从句时，一定要注意陈述句语序。

　　改写句子

　　1.Does Mr.Brown enjoy living in China?Could you tell us?

　　→Could you tell us _________ Mr.Brown _________ living in China?

　　2.“Does the girl need any help?”he asked me.

　　→He asked me _________ the girl _________ some help.

　　3.Did Peter come here yesterday?Li Lei wants to know.

　　→Li Lei wants to know _________ Peter _________ here yesterday.

　　宾语部分为特殊疑问句

　　Goals determine what you are going to be.

　　Be absolutely determined to enjoy what you are doing.

　　He wants to know what our plan is for the National Day.

　　Mr. Li asks how he can go to the Beijing Railway Station.

　　The student can read whichever book he likes to read.

　　I want to know when the train leaves.

　　二、同位语从句(Appositive Clause)

　　在复合句中充当同位语的名词性从句称为同位语从句。同位语从句是名词性从句(主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句)中的主要从句之一。

　　(一)同位语从句在句中的位置

　　1. 一般情况下同位语从句跟在某些名词(如answer, appeal, belief, conclusion, decision, discovery, proposal, question, remark, reply, report, saying, statement, thought, news, idea, fact, promise, hope, message, understanding, truth等)的后面，用以说明该名词所表达的具体内容。例如：

　　<1> The news that our women volleyball team had won the championship encouraged us all greatly.

　　<2> I‘ve come from Mr. Wang with a message that he won’t be able to see you this afternoon.

　　2. 有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后，而被别的词语隔开，在语法上叫做分隔式同位语从句。例如：

　　The thought came to her that maybe she had left the door open when she left home.

　　The story goes that he failed in the College Entrance Examinations again.