2010年12月大学英语四六级考试必备语法精要

　　--Galileo proved that the earth revolves round the sun.

　　--The teacher told the students that knowledge is power.

　　如果从句中有一个表示绝对过去时间的状语，就不必把一般过去时变为过去完成时。

　　--He said that he joined the Red Army in 1933.

　　虚拟语气

　　1. 表示现在/过去/将来情况的虚拟条件句

　　虚拟条件句主要有三种结构：

　　1)　表示与现在情况相反：主句谓语用“would / could / might +动词原形”，从句谓语用“动词的一般过去时”(动词be的过去式一律用were)。

　　If I were you, I would not accept his offer.

　　If I had time, I would certainly go to the cinema with you.

　　2) 表示与过去情况相反：主句谓语用“would / could / might + have +过去分词”，从句谓语用过去完成时。

　　If I had got up a little earlier, I wouldn’t have missed the train.

　　If I had been more careful, I might have passed that exam.

　　3) 表示与将来情况相反：主句谓语用“would / could / might +动词原形”，从句谓语用“were +动词不定式”或“should +动词原形”。

　　If I were to do the job, I would not be able to have enough time to study.

　　If it should rain tomorrow, I would not go out with you.

　　2. 虚拟条件句连接词if的省略

　　如果虚拟条件句的从句中含有were, had, should, could等词时，可以省略连接词if，但这时必须把were, had, should, could等词移到主语前面，形成倒装。这种句型主要用于书面形式。

　　Were I to do the job, I would finish doing it within two weeks.

　　Had it not been for his help, we couldn’t have arrived there on time.

　　Should it rain tomorrow, I would stay at home.

　　3. wish后宾语从句中的谓语构成

　　动词wish后的宾语从句表示未实现的或不可能实现的愿望，其宾语从句中的谓语动词要用虚拟语气，有以下三种构成形式。

　　1) 表示现在不可能实现的愿望，宾语从句中的谓语动词用一般过去时。(be的过去式为were)。

　　I wish I had enough money to buy a car.

　　I wish I were as young and energetic as you.

　　2) 表示过去未能实现的愿望，宾语从句中的谓语动词用过去完成时(had +过去分词)或“would / could + have +过去分词 ”。

　　I wish I hadn’t made such a mistake.

　　I wish I could have done it better.

　　3) 表示将来不可能实现的愿望，宾语从句中的谓语动词用“would / should (could, might) +动词原形”。

　　I wish I would not get old.

　　I wish I could travel around the world one day.

　　4. 某些动词后的宾语从句中谓语动词要用虚拟语气

　　在一些动词后面的宾语从句中，谓语动词要用虚拟语气。这时，谓语动词用动词原形或should +动词原形。这类动词一般表示命令，要求，决定，建议，主张等概念，主要有：advise, ask, command, decide, demand, desire, direct, insist, move, order, propose, recommend, request, require, suggest,等。

　　The workers demanded that their wages (should) be raised by 10 per cent.

　　The teacher decided that you do the experiment first.

　　5. 某些名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中谓语动词要用虚拟语气

　　在一些名词后面的表语从句和同位语从句中，谓语动词要用虚拟语气。这时，谓语动词用动词原形或should +动词原形。这类名词一般表示命令，要求，决定，建议，主张等概念，主要有：advice, idea, instruction, motion, order, plan, proposal, recommendation, request, requirement, suggestion,等。

　　My suggestion is that we (should) send for a doctor immediately.

　　He gave the order that they (should) do the experiment again.