2010年12月大学英语四级考试常用语法精选(8)

　　现在分词短语有时可用作时间状语, 相当于when引起的从句:

　　Seeing those pictures, he couldn’t help thinking of those memorable days they spent together.

　　如果两个动作是完全同时发生的, 多用when 或while加分词这种结构.

　　Be careful when crossing the street.

　　When leaving the airport, they waved again and again to us.

　　She got to know them while attending a conference in Beijing.

　　前面带有代词或名词的动名词结构: 一个动名词前面可以加一个物主代词(或名词的所有格结构), 来表示这个动名词逻辑上的主语.

　　Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us.

　　Our sole worry is your relying too much on yourself.

　　Do you mind my reading your paper?

　　They insisted on my staying there for supper.

　　如果不是在句子开头, 这个结构常常可以用名词的普通格(或人称代词宾格), 这比用所有格更自然一些.

　　I don’t mind him going.

　　She hates people losing their temper.

　　只能用动名词作宾语的动词: suggest, finish, avoid, stop, can’t help, mind, admit, enjoy, leave off, require, postpone, put off, delay, practise, fancy, excuse, pardon, advise, consider, deny, endure, escape, miss

　　既可用动名词, 也可用不定式作宾语的动词: love, like, hate, dislike, begin, start, continue, intend, attempt, can’t bear, propose, want, need, remember, forget, regret, neglect, try, deserve, can’t afford等.

　　有时两种结构之间意义差别不大, 有时却有不同的意思. 在remember, regret, want, try等词后差别是比较明显的.

　　I remember seeing her once somewhere.

　　I must remember to take my notebooks with me.

　　I regret not having accepted your advice.

　　I regret to say I haven’t given you enough help.

　　She doesn’t want (need) to come.

　　The house wants (needs) cleaning.

　　We must try to get everything done in time.

　　Let’s try doing the work some other way.

　　悬垂修饰: 分词作状语时, 表示的必须是主语的一个动作或状态.

　　Walking through the park, we saw a lot of flowers. (walking是we的动作, 正确)

　　Walking through the park, the flowers looked very beautiful. (错误)

　　Standing on the tower, we could see the whole city. (正确)

　　Standing on the tower, the whole village could be seen. (错误)

　　分词

　　意义: 过去分词通常来自及物动词, 带有被动意义和完成意义; 而现在分词有的来自及物动词, 有的来自不及物动词, 通常带有主动意义和未完成意义.

　　frozen food a freezing wind

　　a bored traveller a boring journey

　　a lost cause a losing battle

　　a conquered army a conquering army

　　a finished article the last finishing touch

　　the spoken word a speaking bird

　　a closed shop the closing hour

　　a recorded talk a recording machine