2010年12月英语四六级考试词汇笔记：第30讲

　　第6课

　　关于逗号的一些知识

　　原则：逗号没有能力连接两个单独的句子。

　　如何区分短语与句子?一个结构如果有完整的谓语部分就是句子.

　　何为完整的谓语部分?如果能判断出一个结构的时态就可以称这个结构为完整的谓语部分。

　　在什么样的情况下一个逗号可以将句子分成两部分，而这两部分都有完整的谓语呢?

　　1 两个句子中间有连接词连接;

　　2 这两个句子是主从句关系(主从句之间一定要有句子引导词来引导)。

　　10. Walter offered us a lift when he was leaving the office, but our work _A_, we declined the offer. [declined v. 婉言谢绝]

　　A not being finished B not having finished

　　C had not been finished D was not finished

　　42. A survey was carrie3d out on the death rate of new-born babies in that region, _D_ were surprising. [survey 调查]

　　A as results B which results C the results of it D the results of which

　　51. All flights _D_ because of the snowstorm, many passengers could no nothing but take the train. [having been canceled这里是独立主格作原因状语]

　　A had been canceled B have been canceled

　　C were canceled D having been canceled

　　46. _A_ the calculation is right scientists can never be sure that they have included all variables and modeled them accurately. [variable n. 变项，变量;model vt. 建模]

　　A Even if B As far as C If only D So long as

　　even if 即使，即便; so long as (后面加句子时)只要。

　　47. My train arrives in New York at eight o'clock tonight. The plane I would like to take from there _B_ by then.

　　A would leave B will have left C has left D had left

　　将来完成时：will have + 动词过去分词。

　　49. Harry was _A_ by a bee when he was collecting the honey.

　　A stung B stuck C bitten D scratched

　　sting v. (蜜蜂)叮，蛰; bite v. (蚊子等)咬; scratch vt. 抓伤，划破(通常指猫抓人)。

　　once bitten, twice shy. 一朝被蛇咬，十年怕井绳。

　　50. The thief tried to open the locked door but _B_.

　　A in no way B in vain C without effect D at a loss

　　in vain 徒劳，白费工夫; But很少与介词without联用; at a loss 不知所措。

　　52. _B_ seeing the damage he had done, the child felt ashamed.

　　A By B On C At D For

　　on后面加动词ing形式表示“在…之后”这个时间概念。

　　54. Research findings show we spend about two hours dreaming every night, no matter what we _C_ during the day.

　　A should have done B would have done C may have done D must have done

　　should have + 动词过去分词，表示本应该做; may have + 动词过去分词，表示可能做过;

　　与过去事实相反的虚拟语气主句谓语动词的表达形式可能用到：would have + 动词过去分词。

　　must have + 动词过去分词，表示对过去行为进行肯定推测。表示一定做过;

　　can't have + 动词过去分词，表示对过去行为进行否定推测，表示不可能做过。

　　56. This crop does not do well in soils[各种土壤] _B_ the one for which it has been specially developed.

　　A outside B other than C beyond D rather than

　　outside prep. 在…外边; rather than 而不是(肯定前者，否定后者)。

　　beyond prep. 超出…的范围; beyond his wildest dreams 超出他最狂野的梦想。

　　other than 不同于，而非，当它与否定词no或not出现在同一个句子中时表示“除…之外”。