2010年12月英语四六级考试词汇备考笔记(3)

　　It be essential that 后面一定用虚拟语气，且句子谓语动词固定为(should) + 动词原型;

　　It was essential that the applications forms send back before the deadline.

　　53. We _D_ our breakfast when an old man came to the door.

　　A just have had B have just had C just had D had just had

　　when 还可以表示①刚..就… (有动作先后关系)、②恰在此时;

　　44. I had just started back for the house to change my clothes _D_ I heard voices.

　　A as B while C after D when

　　45. I felt somewhat disappointed and was about to leave, _C_ something occurred which attracted my attention.

　　A unless B until C when D while

　　64. It was essential that these application forms _D_ back as early as possible.

　　A must be sent B will be sent C are sent D be sent

　　非谓语动词与独立主格：短语，句子(或者句子，短语)

　　1.当短语部分有独立主语，并且该主语不同于句子主语，这时短语结构称为独立主格。(它最明显的特点是短语部分有独立的主语)。

　　独立主格的结构1：名词(代词)+ 分词 [现在分词、过去分词]

　　现在分词表示主动的，正在进行的行为;过去分词表示被动的，已经完成的行为。 作题时要通过判断动作与名词(代词)之间的关系来确定是使用现在分词还是过去分词。当动作由名词(代词)发出时使用现在分词，而名词(代词)是受动者时则用过去分词。

　　54. Silver is the best conductor of electricity, copper _B_ it closely.

　　A followed B following C to follow D being followed

　　49. All things _A_, the planned trip will have to be called off.

　　A considered B be considered C considering D having considered

　　call off 取消; cancel vt. 取消; 四级中的考点就是现在分词和过去分词的区别。

　　独立主格的结构2：with + 名词(代词)+ 分词 [句子当中作状语]

　　36. After the Arab states won independence, great emphasis was laid on expanding education, with girls as well as boys _C_ to go to school.

　　A to be encouraged B been encouraged C being encouraged D be encouraged

　　as well as 和(相当于and); be encouraged不会考。

　　动词不定式有预示将来行为的含义。to be encouraged 将要被鼓励;

　　been encouraged 已经被鼓励完了，与主句的谓语动词相对;being encouraged 正在被鼓励

　　2.短语部分没有独立主语，则短语结构称为非谓语动词。

　　非谓语动词的结构：分词(分词短语)

　　句子的主语决定非谓语动词中的分词是用主动还是被动形式。如果是句子的主语发出动作，则使用现在分词;如果动作不是由句子的主语发出，则使用过去分词。