2010年12月英语四六级考试词汇备考笔记(7)

　　倒装：倒装有全部倒装和部分倒装。

　　谓语部分所有单词都放在主语前是全部倒装。谓语的一部分放在主语的前面是部分倒装。

　　谓语中的一部分通常是指：1、系动词;2、助动词;3、情态动词。

　　全部倒装的五条原则：

　　1. There be句型(表示有);

　　2. 以There或now开头的句子，且句子谓语动词为come或go;

　　There you go again. 你又去那里了。

　　3. 以Here开头的句子，且句子谓语动词为系动词be; Here you are. 拿去。

　　4. 以副词out, in, up, down, away开头的句子;

　　在2、3、4前提下，如果句子的主语是代词则用陈述句语序。

　　5. 以状语(常见的是地点状语)开头的句子。

　　部分倒装的六条原则：

　　1. so放在句首时表示承前肯定，这个句子用部分倒装;

　　nor, neither放在句首时表示承前否定，句子也用部分倒装;

　　2. 省略了引导词if 的虚拟条件从句，可以把从句中的had, should, could, were中的任何一个提到从句最前面的位置，构成部分倒装;

　　3. as, though表示“尽管”时引导从句，从句中的表语可以置于引导词之前构成部分倒装;

　　系动词后面的部分就是表语，形容词、名词、名词性短语可以置于系动词之后。

　　例如：She is beautiful. They are students.

　　四级考试中出现的是由动词的过去分词转变的形容词作表语的形式。

　　26. _B_ as it was at such a time, his work attracted much attention.

　　A Being published B Published C Publishing D To be published

　　当题干是as引导一个从句，且as前为一个空格时他表示的就是尽管，空格处要填的就是表语。

　　being published 正在被出版; to be published 将要被出版。

　　此句恢复正常语序应为： As it was published at such a time …

　　4. 表示否定含义的单词或短语放在句首，句子用部分倒装;

　　常见的一些表示否定含义的单词：never, little, few, hardly (… when), scarcely (… when) ;

　　seldom 难得，不常;nowhere 哪里都不。

　　常见的一些表示否定含义的短语：in no way 决不; on no account 决不;

　　under no circumstances 在任何情况下都不。

　　5. only + 状语放在句首，句子用部分倒装;(如果only去掉就是全部倒装)

　　43. Only under special circumstances _C_ to take make-up tests.

　　A permitted are freshmen B freshmen are permitted

　　C are freshmen permitted D are permitted freshmen

　　freshmen 新生; make up for 弥补，补偿; make-up tests 补考(缓考)。

　　6. 注意两个表达形式：come what may 无论发生什么情况; say what you will 畅所欲言。

　　-------------------------1991-06-------------------------

　　强调句式的补充内容：被强调部分是疑问词时的情况。

　　60. When I try to understand _C_ that prevents so many Americans from being as happy as one might expect, it seems to me that there are two causes.

　　A why it does B what it does C what it is D why it is

　　prevent sb. from doing sth. 妨碍(阻止)某人做某事。

　　强调部分本为： it is what that prevents so many …

　　又因为句中有疑问词，应写为： what is it that prevents so ...

　　但强调句式在句中作宾语成分，故正确写法为： what it is that …

　　50. I like watching TV _C_ to the cinema.

　　A more than to go B than going C more than going D rather than to go

　　than 除构成固定短语外就要与比较级搭配，不会单独出现; rather than + 动词原形;

　　平行结构，遇到平行结构时应做的两步：

　　1 找出连接词，2 使要填部分与已给出的对应部分形式完全一样。

　　51. I appreciate _D_ to your home.

　　A to be invited B to have invited C having invited D being invited

　　appreciate + 动名词(不能加动词原形，不能加句子)。

　　41. I would appreciate _B_ it a secret.

　　A you to keep B your keeping C that you keep D that you will keep

　　your keeping 动名词的复合结构。 you keeping 也是正确的。

　　52. I hope my teacher will take my recent illness into _C_ when judging my examination.

　　A regard B counting C account D observation

　　take sth. into account 考虑。

　　54. Important people don’t often have much free time as their work _C_ all their time.

　　A take away B take over C take up [占据] D take in

　　55. When I was very young, I was terribly frightened of school, but I soon ___ it.

　　A got off B got across C got away D got over

　　got over it 克服战胜。

　　56. Many people complain of the rapid _C_ of modern life.

　　A rate B speed C pace D growth

　　pace 节奏; rapid pace of modern life现在生活快节奏。

　　57. San Francisco is usually cool in the summer, but Los Angeles _B_.

　　A is rarely B rarely is C hardly is D is scarcely

　　rarely, usually 都是频度副词。通常频度副词的位置在系动词之后，表示实在意思的词前面。

　　58. The speaker, _D_ for her splendid speeches, was warmly received by the audience.

　　A having known B being known C knowing D known