文都2006年春季四级讲义—英译汉翻译步骤

1．   分析句子结构

    But for many, the fact that poor people are able to support themselves almost as well without government aid as they did with it is in itself a huge victory. 

What easier way is there for a nurse, a policeman, a barber, or a waiter to lose professional identity (身份) than to step out of uniform? 

At the early attempts, the cable failed and when it was taken out for repairs it was found to be covered in living growths, a fact which defied contemporary scientific opinion that there was no life in the deeper parts of the sea.

2．注意动词的翻译

    Long after the 1998 World Cup was won, disappointed fans were still cursing the disputed refereeing(裁判) decisions that denied victory to their team. 

3．注意名词的翻译

    Social support consists of the exchange of resources among people based on their interpersonal ties.

4．   注意代词的指代关系 

He quickly found that children as young as four months would learn to turn their heads to right or left if the movement “switched on” a display of lights—and indeed that they were capable of learning quite complex turns to bring about this result, for instance, two left or two right, or even to make as many as three turns to one side.

5．注意从句的翻译

1）  定语从句

   The first time that the question “What is at the bottom of the oceans?” had to be answered with any commercial consequence was when the laying of a telegraph cable from Europe to America was proposed.

2）  状语从句

When a consumer finds that an item she or he bought is faulty or in some other way does not live up to the manufacturer’s claim for it, the first step is to present the warranty（保单）, or any other records which might help, at the store of purchase.

3）  主语从句

What the doctor at Beth Israel has in the primary nurse is a true colleague.