2010年6月大学英语四级考试翻译提高训练(2)

　　翻译——核心语法

　　1.各种从句的用法

　　从句的用法在前文已有详细讲解，这里就不再赘述。下面通过总结归纳来进一步探讨历年四级翻译对各类从句的考查情况。

　　(1)主语从句

　　真题：__________(很多人没有意识到的)is providing the best education possible for their children.(2009.6)

　　答案：What many people don’t realize

　　(2)宾语从句

　　真题：Many Americans live on credit, and their quality of life__________(是用他们能够借到多少来衡量的), not how much they can earn.(2007.12)

　　答案：is measured by how much they can loan

　　(3)表语从句

　　真题：In my sixties, one change I notice is that__________(我比以前更容易累了).(2007.12)

　　答案：I am more likely to get tired than before

　　(4)定语从句

　　真题：Medical researchers are painfully aware that there are many problems__________(他们至今还没有答案)(2008.12)

　　答案：(that/which)they haven’t found solution to或to which they haven’t found solution

　　真题：__________(与我成长的地方相比), this town is more prosperous and exciting.(2008.6)

　　答案：Compared with the place where I grew up

　　真题：The prevention and treatment of AIDS is __________(我们可以合作的领域).(2007.6)

　　答案：the field where(in which)we can cooperate

　　(5)状语从句

　　真题：Leaving one’s job, __________(不管是什么工作), is a difficult change, even for those who look forward to retiring.(2008.6)

　　答案：whatever it is(让步状语从句)

　　真题：I am going to pursue this course, __________(无论我要作出什么样的牺牲).(2007.12)

　　答案：no matter what kind of sacrifice I have to make(让步状语从句)

　　真题：Some psychologists claim that people __________(出门在外时可能会感到孤独)(2006.12)

　　答案：may feel lonely when they are away from home(时间状语从句)

　　【真题】__________(大多数父母所关心的)is providing the best education possible for their children.(2008.12)

　　【解析】本题考查对主语从句的掌握。汉语中“所关心的”实际上是指“所关心的事情”，用英语表达则使用what引导的从句。What在主语从句中作介词的宾语。“关心”可以用be concerned about表达。

　　【答案】What most parents are concerned about

　　注：从句的用法参见完形填空部分对从句的讲解。

　　2.虚拟语气

　　历年真题中涉及到虚拟语气的考点可以归纳如下：

　　(1)(should)+动词原形的情形;

　　(2)if或but for等引导的条件句;

　　(3)wish, if only, would rather, It is(high)time that…的用法。

　　【真题】You would not have failed if__________(按照我的指令去做).(2009.12)

　　【答案】you had followed my instructions 或者you had followed my orders

　　【解析】本题较为容易，按照汉语意思直译。考点有两个：首先最重要的考点是if从句的虚拟语气考查;根据语法规定，如果主句中出现would +have的形式，从句中应该采用had+过去分词的结构;第二是固定搭配“按照…的指令”表达为follow my instructions 或者是follow my orders 注意多样化的表达，两者选其一就可以;注意很多学生出现遗漏主语you，造成不必要的失分。

　　【真题】The victim __________(本来会有机会活下来)if he had been taken to hospital in time.(2006.12)

　　【解析】本句考查对错综时间条件句的虚拟语气的掌握。在与过去事实相反的条件下，if引导的条件句时态是过去完成时态，主句谓语一般使用would have done。

　　【答案】would have had a chance to survive/would have had a chance of survival

　　注：虚拟语气用法参见完形填空填空部分对虚拟语气的讲解。

　　3.倒装结构

　　倒装分完全倒装与部分倒装两种类型，重点是部分倒装，即只有系动词、助动词和情态动词参与的倒装。常见的倒装结构可以分为四大类：

　　(1)否定倒装。指否定副词或否定的副词性结构hardly, seldom, scarcely, never, little, nowhere, not once, under no circumstances, in no way, no sooner…than，not only…but also用于句首时所导致的倒装。

　　Seldom did I go to theater, but now it is different.

　　以前我很少去剧院，但是现在不同了。

　　(2)虚拟倒装。指在if引导的虚拟条件句中，将if省略，把should, had, were提至主语前，形成倒装。

　　Were I you, I’ll never promise to do that.

　　如果我是你，绝对不会答应那么做的。

　　(3)强调倒装。为突出强调某一成分而将它提至句首时，实行倒装，如：

　　A.so 倒装句

　　So diligently does he work that he often forgets to eat and sleep.

　　他工作如此勤奋以至于经常废寝忘食。

　　B.以某些表示肯定的副词开头作状语：only, often, then

　　Then did I throw myself into the chair, exhausted.

　　然后我一屁股坐在椅子上，累死了。

　　Only by working hard can we achieve what we want.

　　我们只有通过努力工作才能获得想要的东西。

　　(4)在“so+形容词…that分句”结构中，如将“so+形容词”置于句首以示强调时，其后的系动词be则要移到主语前面，形成主谓的完全倒装。

　　So moved was she that she could not say a word.

　　她感动得说不出话来。

　　【真题】Not only__________(他向我收费过高)，but he didn’t do a good repair job either.(2006.6新)

　　【解析】本题考查对倒装的掌握。解答此题需要考虑两个层次，首先是动词“收费”的对应词，应当译为“charge”。收费“过高”往往使用too much,更加巧妙的用词overcharge就可以表示“收费过高”。其次，not only…but…结构中出现了否定词前置到句首的现象，这是倒装的标志。结合后半句的一般过去时形式，我们要把助动词did提出来，按照倒装形式译为did he overcharge me/did he charge me too much。

　　【答案】did he overcharge me/did he charge me too much