锦囊妙计1:听到什么就不选什么
“听到什么就不选什么”是一个非常有风险的“技巧”,可是,正如风险投资一样,风险越高,其回报率也就越高。如果听到的内容实在太难,你根本就没有听到具体在说什么,而只是听到了片言只语,那么,对于短对话题来说,你还有什么办法能起死回生?这时能够救命的只有这条计策了。
本妙计何以能够成立?其依据是什么?
由于短对话太“短”了,由一来一回两三句话构成,考点挖掘的余地就是对话里那几个词,因此,命题者就必然要在选项上做文章,用原文中的词汇加以组合,拼凑成与原文“貌合神离”的干扰选项。让没有听懂原文、只是听懂原文个别词句的考生上当受骗。而正确答案往往是原文的同义替换(或解释说明)。
锦囊妙计“听到什么就不选什么”尤其适用于一些比较简单的短对话和长对活题目中!
【例1】A)The mall placed the reading list on a desk.
B)The man regrets being absent-minded.
C)The woman.saved the man 80me trouble.
D)The woman emptied the waste paper basket.
【录音】M:1 wish I hadn’t thrown away that reading list
W:I thought you might regret it.That's why I picked it up from the waste paper basket and left it On the desk.
Q:What do we learn from the conversation? [2007.6/T13]
【解析】答案为C。从解题的正路来分析。男士说:“我真希望没有扔掉那张阅读书单。”女士回答说:“我估计你会后悔的,所以就把它从废纸篓里捡了出来.放在书桌上了。”因此C“女士给男士省去了一些麻烦”正确。但没听懂的考生怎么办?就只能使出绝技“听到什么就不选什么”了。选项A、B、D中分别出现了对话中的reading list,regrets,waste paper basket,因此选C。
锦囊妙计2:答非所问。必有弦外之音
在对话中,如果S1(即Speaker 1“第一个说话者”)说了一般疑问句,S2应该怎样回答呢?S2应该回答Yes或No——最开始学英语的时候,老师就教过我们这一点了。然而,在听力对话中,我们经常听到的却是yes/no的变体。回答中不仅没有出现yes或no,而且有时候还会用问句来回答问句!这时,出题人庄往就会考查对S2的回答的理解。一般来说。如果S2对S1的一般疑问句不作直接回答。表示S2是一种强烈的否定态度,或者是一种带条件的肯定态度。正确答案即可由此选定。
【例2】A)She read only part of the book.
B)She is interested in reading novels.
C)She seldom reads books from cover to cover.
D)She was eager to know what the book was about.
【录音】M:Hi,Susan! Have you finished reading the book Professor Johnson recommended?
W:Oh,I haven't read it through the way I'd read a novel.I just read a few chapters which interested me.
Q:What does the woman mean? [2007.6/T15]
【解析】答案为A。如果听到了S2说的“我只读了我感兴趣的几章”,即可正确作答。如果没听清,则可从另一角度来解答本题:S1提出一个简单疑问句“Have you finished reading the book...?”,s2没有直接用yes或no回答。正确选项往往表示对S1问题的否定回答或带条件的肯定回答,此处S2是有条件的肯定。四个选项中与read及the book有关的只有A项.C没有提到 the book的情况。
【例3】A)The woman is watching an exciting film with the man.
B)The woman can't take a photo of the mall.
C) The woman is running toward the lake.
D)The woman is filming the lake.
【录音】M:Look,the view is fantastic.Could you take a picture of me with the lake in the background?
W:I am afraid I just ran out of film.
Q:What do we learn from the conversation? 『2004.1/T2]
【解析】答案为B。S1说:“风景美极了,以湖为背景给我照张相好吗?”S2没有回答yes或no,只是啰嗦了一通“恐怕我没有底片了”。其含义当然是说 “No”.但其效果就比单纯的“No”好得多:我不给你照相是因为客观原因,而不是我不想。这就免得对方生气了。这也正是“答非所问”的功能之一。另外。本题也可以用“听到什么就不选什么”的策略。听力原文中,film指照相用的“胶卷、底片”,而选项中的film都是指“电影”。正确选项B中的take a photo正是原文中take a picture的同义替换。
锦囊妙计3:S2简短回答不简单
题型特征:对于S1的问话或者声明,s2的回答分为“简短回答+详细解说”两部分。简短同答部分是日常口语,很容易听懂;然而后面紧跟着的解说部分充满了种种艰深的词汇,很长、很费解。
理解要点。①若详细解说前没有but,则解说部分是对前面简短回答的补充与说明;②若详细解说前有but,则属于“中but题”,解说部分含义与简短回答部分相反。由此可以推出答案。
在这种题型中。S2的简短回答部分是其整个回答的“先遣部队”,对于理解对话、解答问题具有重要的价值。因此,尽管它相对容易听懂,但也必须予以高度重视.力求凭借它正确答题。
【例4 】A)He has left the army recently.
B)He quit teaching in June.
C)He has taken over his brother's business.
D) He opened a restaurant near the school.
【录音】W:Are you still teaching at the junior high school?
M:Not since June.***(听不懂)
Q:What do we learn about the man from the conversation? [2007.6/T14]
【解析】答案为B。S2的后半句话非常长(My brother and I opened a restaurant as soon as he got out of the army.),“很难”听懂。那么,根据听到的内容,可以选择答案吗?分析听懂了的部分可知,S1问:你还在教初中吗?预期中的回答应该是“在”或者“不在”。而S2回答:6月以来就没有了。由此,可以毫不犹豫地选择B项。至于剩下的选项中,均与S1的问题无关
锦囊妙计4:强烈语气题
什么叫“强烈语气”?真是很难说清楚。如果正常情况下用正常的语法、句型可以表达某个意思。而实际上又没有用这样的句型,而是用了特殊的语法结构、语音、语调表达特殊含义。其间必然附带产生特殊的语气,尤其是表示强烈情感特征的语气。
在短对话听力题目中,具有强烈语气的结构主要有:
*带升调的肯定句,表示疑问.例如:And I do?
*否定疑问句,表示感叹。例如:Isn't it fantastic?
*一般疑问句,表示建议与不满,例如:Are you kidding?
*虚拟条件句。表示遗憾或愿望。
*简短的回答语,如:Really? Oh,no! Terrible!
*用疑问语气重复S1话语中的核心词组,表示怀疑、不赞同或者对S1的进一步论述。
*特殊的重读词汇,表示对比。
*肯定形式的反问句,表示强烈的否定语气,而否定形式的反问句,表示强烈的肯定语气。例如:由“Why(not)+动词原形”构成的建议句。
对于包含这类强烈语气的对话题目,其考查的重点往往就是这些特殊话语结构的含义。如果能准确理解它们,这些题也就可以轻松解答。万一未能听懂相关话语,只是听出了这样的特殊语气,那么,该如何理解对话,从而解题呢?基本原则是:这样的强烈语气,是针对前面S1的话而来的。它要么表示对S1的强烈的肯定与支持要么表示对S1的强烈否定。因此,不是正面选答案,就是反面选答案。
【例5】A) The Edwards are quite well-off.
B) The Edwards should cut down on their living expenses.
C) It'll be unwise For the Edwards to buy another house.
D) It's too expensive for the Edwards to have in their present house.
【录音】W: I hear that the Edwards are thinking of buying another house
M: Should they be doing that with all the other expenses they have to pay? Anyhow, they are over 70 now, and their present house is not too bad.
Q: What does the man imply? [2006.6FF13]
【解析】答案为C。S2的“Should they be doing that?”句型表明了一种强烈不赞同的语气,对S1提到的they(即the Edwards)的做法(即buy another house)表示否定。题目问S2的话意,我们只要看哪个选项否定了they的做法.那就是正确答案。
锦囊妙计5:运用逻辑直接排除选项
当四个选项之间存在逻辑上的包孕关系、排斥关系或者矛盾关系时,可以视步排除两个(以上)选功,再带着预知结果的期待听录音,往往事半功倍。本妙汁适合逻辑分析能力片听力能力高的考生。
【例6】A) The woman is driving too fast.
B) The woman is driving at a low speed.
C) The woman has broken a traffic rule.
D) The woman has parked her car in a wrong place.
【录音】M: This is a one-way street. Didn't you see the sign?
W:sorry.1 didn't.
Q:What do we learn from the conversation? [1999.6/T9]
【解析】选C选项间存在包孕关系,C包含A和D,可以初步排除A、D。如果B正确,问题很难提出(因为车开得很慢通常不会引起什么矛盾),因此在没有听录音之前就可以初步判断选C。
【例7】A)The marl admires the woman's talent in writing.
B)The woman took a lot of pictures at the contest.
C) The woman is a photographer.
D) The man is fond of traveling.
【录音】W:1 won the first prize in the National Writing Contest and I got this camera as an award.
M:It's a good camera! You can take it when you travel.I had no idea you were a marvelous writer.
Q:What do we learn from the conversation? [2007.6/T12]
【解析】答案为A。男士说“我不知道原来你是这么棒的作家”,由此可以推断出答案选A“男士钦佩女士的写作才华”。奇道解法:B、C都以The woman开头,说女士爱好摄影。几乎是同义选项,一般都是干扰项,可同时排除。A、D都说男士的心理(关键词admire,fond),并涉及到writing, traveling,应注意听录音内容。应不难听到男士说的when you travel,可排除D。
锦囊妙计6:形态相似的选项预示答案
四个选项中如果只存在一组形似项,答案极可能是其中之一。
【例8】A)The mall has never seen the woman before.
B)The two speakers work.for the same company.
C)The two speakers work on the same floor.
D)The woman is interested in market research.
【分析】B、C两项非常相似,首先主语都是The two speakers,其次谓语都是work。形态相似,必留给考生较深刻的印象。
【录音】M:Nice weather,isn't it? Oh,I've seen you around the office,but I don't think we've met.I am Henry Smith.1 work.in the Market Research Section.
W:Nice to meet you, Henry.I am Helen Grant.I am in the Advertising Section on the ninth floor.
Q:What can we infer from the conversation? [2006.6/T17]
【解析】答案为B。这道题如果光听对话,那么注意力很容易被seen,met吸引过去而受到干扰。但若按照形似的原则,听之前圈定的形似项B和C,只要选其一,就有50%的命中率。再加上女士说的她在九楼上班,则可排除C“两人在同一楼层上班”,这样正确答案也就手到擒来。
【例9】A)The girls got on weft with each other,
B)It's understandable that girls don't get along.
C)She was angry with the other young stars.
D)The girls lacked the courage to fight. [2006.6/T11]
【分析】A和D结构相似。答案很可能是其中一个。
【录音】M:What would it be like working with those young stars?
W:It was a great group. I always got mad when people said that we didn't get along,just because we were sin.There was never a fight.We had a great time.
Q:What does the woman mean?
【解析】主要根据女士最后两句:没有打架、很开心,所以选A。
锦囊妙计7:语义矛盾的选项预示答案
四个选项中如果存在一组意思相反的选项.答案极可能居于其一。
【例10】A) Most students would like to work for a newspaper.
B) Most students find a job by reading advertisements.
C) Most students find it hard to get a job after they graduate.
D) Most students don't want jobs advertised in the newspapers.
【分析】B、D两项意思相反,答案很可能是其中之一。
【录音】M:How do most students find a job after they graduate?
W:They usually look for a job by searching the want-ads in the newspapers.
Q:What does the woman mean? [2005.1/T5]
【解析】答案为B。对于男士所问的“大多数学生毕业后是如何找到工作的”,B和D给出了正好相反的回答。根据反义项原则给予B、D两项特别的关注后,结合by searching the want-ads in the newspapers(通过搜寻报纸上的招聘广告)印证,B项与其意思相同,答案果然不出所料。
锦囊妙计8:语气不绝对化的选项是答案
审视四个选项.凡是言之凿凿涉及细节的选项多为干扰项,反之,含含糊糊、故意强调不确定性的必有蹊跷。越不确定,便越是答案。本妙计适用范围较广。
如果四个选项中,只有一个包含mainly, most,mostly,chiefly,(be) not sore,(be) not likely等表示不太确定含义的词语,那么该选项往往就是正确答案。
含有should, might,may等情态动词的选项也往往是正确答案,这些情态动词都有缓和语气的作用,因而具有“正确答案相”。
为什么会有这样的“妙计”呢?因为正确的答案总是说话留有余地的,所以语气过于绝对的选项通常不是答案。
【例11】A)Tony should continue taking the course.
B)She approves of Tony's decision.
C)Tony call choose another science course.
D)She can't meet Tony so early in the morning.
【分析】选项A含有情态动词should,正确。
【录音】M:I'm going to drop my Information-science class.It means too early in the mornin9.
W:Is that really a good reason to drop the class,Tony?
Q:What does the woman mean? [2005.1/T2]
【解析】答案为A。Tony打算drop(停修)一门功课,因为要起太早。而女士的反问“这是好理由吗?”说明她不赞成Tony的决定,而是认为Tony应该继续修读信息科学这门课,故A正确而B错误。本题也可用“锦囊妙计4:强烈语气题”来解答。
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