英语四级改革题型听力：VOA美国之音听写练习(3)

　　From VOA Learning English, this is the Health Report.

　　这里是美国之音慢速英语健康报道。

　　A new study has found evidence of aggressive behavior in children who drink four or more servings of soft drinks every day. Information for the study came from the mothers of 3,000 5-year-olds.

　　一项新的研究发现了每天喝4杯以上软饮料的儿童的攻击行为的证据。该研究的资料来自于3000位5岁孩子的母亲。

　　Researchers asked the women to keep a record of how many servings of soft drinks their children drank over a two-month period. The women were also asked to complete a checklist of their children's behavior.

　　研究人员要求这些母亲在为期两个月的时间内记录她们的孩子喝了多少杯软饮料。她们还被要求完成一份关于自己孩子行为的记录。

　　The researchers found that 43 percent of the boys and girls drank at least one daily serving of soda, 4 percent of the youngsters had four or more sodas to drink every day.

　　研究人员发现，43%的儿童至少每天喝了一杯苏打水，4%的儿童每天喝了4杯以上苏打水。

　　Shakira Suglia is with Columbia University's Mailman School of Public Health in New York City. She worked on the study with researchers from the University of Vermont and Harvard University School of Public Health. She says they found that children who drank the most soda were more than two times as likely as those who drank no soda to show signs of aggression.

　　夏奇拉·苏格丽雅(Shakira Suglia)就职于纽约市哥伦比亚大学梅尔曼公共卫生学院。她和来自于佛蒙特大学和哈佛大学公共卫生学院的研究人员一起合作。她说她们发现喝很多苏打水的儿童显示出来的攻击迹象是不喝苏打水的儿童的两倍以上。

　　"For the children who consumed four or more soft drinks per day, we see an association between aggressive behaviors, attention problems and withdrawn behaviors."

　　她说，“在这些每天喝4杯以上软饮料的孩子中，我们看到了攻击行为、注意力问题和退缩行为之间的关联。”

　　The aggressive behavior included destroying possessions belonging to others, taking part in fights and physically attacking people.

　　这些攻击行为包括破坏属于他们的财产，参与打架和身体攻击他人。

　　Shakira Suglia says the researchers identified the link after they considered socio-demographic factors like the child's age and sex. They also considered other possible influence, such as whether the boys and girls were eating sweets or giving fruit drinks on a normal day. In addition, the researchers examined parenting styles and other social conditions that might be taking place in the home.

　　苏格丽雅表示，研究人员在仔细考虑了像儿童年龄和性别之类的社会人口因素后确定了这一联系。他们还考虑了其它可能的影响，如孩子们平时是否吃甜食或喝果汁饮料。此外，研究人员还调查了父母教养方式和家里可能出现的其它社会因素。

　　Doctor Suglia says it's not clear why young children who drink a lot of soda have behavior problem.

　　苏格丽雅博士表示，目前尚不清楚为什么喝了很多苏打水的小孩子存在行为问题。

　　"We can't prove that this is a direct cause and effect relationship, having said that, there are a lot of ingredients in soda, a lot of ingredients that have not been examined in relation to behavior."

　　她说，“我们不能证实这是一种直接的因果关系。话说回来，苏打水中还有很多成分在行为相关性上尚未进行调查。”

　　A substance often found in soft drinks is caffeine, which helps to make people feel energized.

　　软饮料中经常发现的一种物质是咖啡因，它能使人感觉精力充沛。

　　Doctor Suglia suggests that caffeine could be causing the 5-year-olds to be more aggressive. The research is part of a large study called the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study, it follows 5,000 poor mothers and their children in 20 American cities.

　　苏格丽雅博士认为，咖啡因可能会造成这些5岁孩子更具攻击性。该研究是一项被称为《脆弱家庭和儿童福祉》的大型研究的一部分，该研究跟踪调查了美国20个城市的5000位贫困母亲及其孩子。

　　Earlier studies of young adults have found the highest sugar levels in those who carry weapons and show signs of negative social behaviors.

　　早前针对青壮年的研究发现，携带武器和具备负面社会行为迹象的人血糖水平最高。

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