三、词语的使用
选 词
多用近义词
make manufacture
buy purchase
finish accomplish
end terminate
use utilize
love affection
agree accord
discussion controversy
tell inform
enough sufficient
speed velocity
car vehicle
open unclose
choice alternative
She is not a friend but a nodding acquaintance.
区分具体与抽象的词
词从语义上可分为具体与抽象两种类别，例如：
抽象 具体
good kind, honest, generous, warm-hearted, selfless, friendly
laugh smile, chuckle, snigger
scientist physicist, biologist, chemist
fish shark, salmon, perch, eel
tree shrub, bush, pollard, oak, plane, pine, willow
抽象词意范围大，概括力强，但给人以空洞的感觉，适合于文章的开头和结尾等总结性部分。具体词意义有针对性、个性和精确性，给人以确切的概念，适合用于段落中细节的刻画，论点的阐述以及事物的描写。如果用抽象的词来表达具体的事物，便会给人笼统的感觉：
a. 抽象: The man is good.
具体: The man is selfless.
b. 抽象: There are three men in the room.
具体: There are three little boys in the room.
善于使用代词
A scientist draws conclusions by studying the facts he collects.
Such symbols as are used to represent chemical elements should be firmly kept in mind.
四、句式变换
在了解组织句子的四个特点之后，我们重点看一下句子组织形式的多样化，即在120-150词内，尽量使用不同的句子形式，常用的句型如下：
主语从句
定语从句 (限定性和非限定性)
状语从句 (时间，原因，地点，条件，让步等)
分词短语做定语或状语
强调句
倒装句
省略句
What句型
设问句
主语和主语从句
名词、代词、动名词、不定式以及名词性从句都可以作主语。后三种，学生在写作时用起来不是很熟练，但却很有价值，可以在很大程度上提高语言质量。下面我们看几组例句：
动名词作主语
Listening to some light music will help you calm down.
Talking to a person like him is just like talking to a deaf.
不定式作主语
To see is to believe.
To help others is to help yourself in a sense.
To see things as they are, to go right to the right point, to disentangle a skein of thought, to detect what is sophistical, and to discard what is irrelevant is after all, what a university training should be aiming at.
主语从句
主语从句一般由what, who, which, why, how, when, which, whether…or…等引导，这些名词性从句作主语时，我们称之为主语从句。
Why he would reject such a good offer remained unknown all these years.
Whether we can succeed or not depends upon our efforts.
What you have done for us will be in our memory for ever.
当句子的实际主语太长时，英语习惯用先行代词it作形式主语，然后再引出真正的主语
It is common knowledge that honesty is the best policy.
And with our current methods, it is hard to estimate the loss in environmental terms as many negative results may take decades to emerge.
其他常用先行代词it作形式主语的句型还有;
It is self-evident that… 很明显的是
It goes without saying that… 不用说
It is asserted that... 有人主张……
It is believed that... 据信……
It is generally considered that... 人们普遍认为……
It is hoped that... 人们希望……
It is reported that... 据报道……
It is said that... 据说……
It is supposed that... 据推测...
It is well-known that... 众所周知……
It must be admitted that... 必须承认……
It cannot be denied that… 不可否认……
It must be pointed out that... 需指出的是……
It was told that... 据传……
It will be said that... 有人会说……
It follows that… 由此可见
It is inappropriate that… ……是不合适的
宾语从句
宾语从句是置于谓语动词之后的名词性从句。大家来看下面几个例子：
1、They believe that the central government’s decision to develop the western part of the country and the success of Beijing’s bid to host the 2008 Olympics will open up further opportunities for a boom in the regional aviation market.
2、We cannot understand why they are so cruel to their beloved parents.
3、Experience from foreign countries suggests that no aircraft manufacturers can survive depending only on their domestic market.
写作中常用的跟宾语从句的谓语动词以主语是We举例如下：
We assume that… 我们设想、假设……
We suggest that… 我们认为、建议……
We hold/maintain/ that… 我们认为……
We stress that… 我们强调……
We admit that… 我们承认……
We deny that… 我们否认……
We hope that… 我们希望……
We discover that… 我们发现……
We recommend that… 我们推荐、建议……
We mention that… 我们提到……
表语从句
表语从句是主语+系动词+从句所构成的语句，其中系动词包括三类：
n be的其各种形式;
n 表示变化的词如go, become, turn;
n 表示感觉的词，常有“……起来”的含义如feel, smell, taste, look, sound等。
大家看下面的例句：
That is why so many people want to work in the government.
This is where she lived when she was young.
Quality is what counts most.
The problem is not who will go, but who will stay.
The assumption is that things will improve.
That is how we beat them in the contest.
What he wants to know is if you may agree.
What we want to know is whether the government may take measures to tackle this problem.
The question is which one you may choose.
倒装句式
倒装句式是指主语和谓语或表语动词的位置颠倒，又分为部分倒装和全部倒装。
部分倒装是指谓语中的一部分，如助动词do, does, did, can, may, should, ought to, must, have, 系动词be等放在主语前面，其余部分包括谓语动词仍在主语后面。
部分倒装的情况：
l 虚拟语气的条件句，省略if，同时将had, were, should提到主语之前
Were it not for your help, we couldn’t have arrived there.
l so/such...that用于句首时，后面要倒装
So little did he know about the subject that he had to stay up preparing for the exam.
l as, though, no matter how (what), however引导让步状语时，从句需倒装
Young as he is, he has accomplished a lot.
However cold it is, he will go swimming in the lake.
l 用于so, neither, nor后面
He didn’t go to the concert, neither did his family.
相关推荐：2007年大学英语四六级讲义——四级写作（下）
更多信息请访问：考试吧四六级栏目
＞＞＞来四六级论坛看看吧
＞＞＞四六级博客圈，你开博了吗？
