结尾段
结尾段的写作方法可以归纳如下：
l 总结归纳
简要总结归纳文章要点，以便深化主题印象。如：
In conclusion I would like to say that children need to be understood but children also need to understand their parents. It is only when parents and children come to understand each other that we can solve problems effectively and narrow the generation gap.
分析：文章通过in conclusion引出对前面所作论述的归纳，使主题更加明确。
l 重申主题
再次强调和确定文章开头阐述的中心思想。如：
Admittedly, science has created atomic bombs and produced pervasive pollution. But it has transformed the lives of millions of people. It has multiplied man’s energy, hopes, ambitions and understanding. It has elevated and will continue to elevate man intellectually and spiritually.
分析：文章对前文的观点进行了重复，使之更加鲜明。
l 预测展望
立足当前，放眼未来。如：
So to sum up, we should offer our help to all who are in need. We expect to get love from others and we also give love to others. I believe that the relationship between people will be harmonious and our society will be a better place for us to live in.
分析：文章通过对未来积极的展望，说明了爱在生活中的重要性。
l 提出建议
提出解决问题的途径、方法或呼吁人们采取相应的行动。如：
As the issue plays such a key role in our society, sufficient attention should be paid from both the government and the public. The government should make sure that the census is well carried out and the people should be actively involved in the census.
分析：文章在结尾从政府和公众两个角度提出建议，以保证人口普查的顺利进行。
l 提出问题
提出具有发人深省的问题，从而突出中心思想。如：
Old people may choose to live alone for themselves and even embrace this living pattern. But in the deep part of their hearts, they must feel lonely. They need their children to stay with, to talk with, and take care of them. Why can’t young people think of the days when they are getting old?
分析：文章最有用一个反问句“年轻人为什么不想想自己年老时的情形”来提醒他们将心比心，设身处地，去关心父母双亲。
l 引用格言
用格言、谚语或习语总括全文中心思想。如：
Many yeas ago, a great philosopher Francis Bacon remarked that “Knowledge … is power.” This can now be translated into contemporary terms. In our social setting, “Knowledge is change”—and accelerating knowledge-acquisition, fueling the great engine of technology, means accelerating change.
分析: 文章借用培根“知识就是力量”名言的结构，指出“知识就是变化”以深化主题，给读者留下深刻的印象。
结尾段常用的的核心句型归纳如下，大家可根据自己的习惯和需要选择使用：
l From what has been discussed above (Taking into account all these factors / Judging
from all evidence offered), we may safely draw (reach / come to / arrive at) the conclusion that ….
l All the evidence (analysis) supports (justifies / confirms / warrants / points to) a
(n)unshakable (unmistakable / sound / just) conclusion that ….
l It is high time that we place (lay / put) great (special / considerable) emphasis on
the improvement (development / increase / promotion) of ….
l It is high time that we put an end to the deep-seated (unhealthy / undesirable /
deplorable) situation (tendency / phenomenon) of ….
l We must look (search / call / cry) for an immediate action (method / measure),because the present (current) situation (phenomenon / tendency / state / attitude) of …, if permitted (allowed) to continue (proceed), will surely (certainly) lead to (result in) the end (destruction / heavy cost) of ….
l There is no easy (immediate / effective) solution (approach / answer / remedy) to
the problem of …, but … might be useful (helpful / beneficial).
l No easy method (solution / recipe / remedy) can be at hand (found / guaranteed) to solve (resolve / tackle) the problem of …, but the common (general / public) recognition of (realization of / awareness of / commitment to) the necessity (importance / significance) of … might be the first step towards change (on the right way / in the right direction).
l Following these methods (suggestions) may not guarantee the success in (solution
to)…, but the pay-off will be worth the effort.
l Obviously (Clearly / No doubt), if we ignore (are blind to) the problem, there is
every chance that ….
l Unless there is a common realization of (general commitment to) …, it is very likely
(the chances are good) that ….
l There is little doubt (no denying) that serious (special / adequate / immediate /
further) attention must be called (paid / devoted) to the problem of ….
l It is necessary (essential / fundamental) that effective (quick / proper) action (steps
/measures / remedies) should be taken to prevent (correct /check / end / fight) the situation (tendency / phenomenon).
l It is hoped (suggested / recommended) that great (continuous / persistent / sustained
/ corporate) efforts should be made to control (check/ halt / promote) the growth (increase / rise) of ….
l It is hoped that great efforts should be directed to (expended on / focused on) finding
(developing / improving) ….
l It remains to be seen whether …, but the prospect (outlook) is not quite encouraging
(that rosy).
l Anyhow, wider (more) education (publicity) should be given to the possible
(potential / grave /serious / pernicious) consequences (effects) of ….
l To reverse (check / control) the trend (tendency) is not a light task (an easy job),
and it requires (demands / involves / entails) a different state of mind towards (attitude towards / outlook on) ….
l For these reasons, I strongly recommend that ….
l For the reasons given above, I feel that ….
中间段
再看一下中间段落的组织。中间段的任务是依据开头段所交代的内容来阐述文章的论点，围绕主题或论点展开讨论，或就具体要求进行描述和说明。
中间段是文章的正文，其作用是从不同的层面对文章主题进行具体和详实的解释和论证。中间段篇幅一般比开头段和结尾段长，每段有相应的主题句，包含定义、解释、描写等手法，说明主题思想的扩展句采用实例、数据或个人经历等写作手段，当然不同种类的段落采用不同的扩展手段。
中间段有以下具体特点：
ü 所涉及内容应该准确、清楚，颇具说服力;
ü 段落中一定具备主题句;
ü 段落内容应该保持完整、统一，没有说明不足之处或多余冗长的细节;
ü 内容顺序安排合理，逻辑性较强;
ü 段落之间连贯自然;
ü 段落中讨论的内容主次分明，材料比例适当;
ü 词与句型运用合理并且有变化。
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