三、对比题型 (Contrast and Comparison)
所谓对比题型作文是指针对某个问题，有两种不同观点，要求考生对这两种不同的观点进行分析，说明理由。其常见形式是：一、目前存在某个问题，人们有不同的观点;二、两种观点各自的理由;三、我的看法。大家看一下往年的一些考试题目，体会一下该题型的特点。
实例1----1999年6月真题
Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Reading Selectively Or Extensively? You should write at least 100 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:
l 有人认为读书要有选择
l 有人认为应当博览群书
l 我的看法
Model Composition
Reading Selectively Or Extensively?
When it comes to the choice between reading selectively or extensively, different people have different opinions. Some argue that we should be careful in choosing reading materials, while others maintain that we can benefit more from reading as many kinds of books as possible.
The first group have their arguments as follows. On the one hand, our time is limited, therefore, we have to put our efforts in the most important books. On the other hand, we need specialized knowledge in order to find a good job.
However, other people believe we should read extensively. For one thing, extensive reading can broaden our horizon. For another, we need a broad education to better understand the world around us.
As far as I am concerned, I prefer to read extensively because I have a wide range of interests, such as in literature, in computer science and so on. As a result, extensive reading may satisfy my need and make me happy. (160 words)
实例2----2000年6月真题
Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Is A Test of Spoken English Necessary? You should write at least 100 words, and base your composition on the outline given in Chinese below:
l 很多人认为有必要举行英语口语考试，理由是……
l 也有人持不同的意见，……
l 我的看法和打算
Model Composition
A test of spoken English will be included as an optional component of the College English Test (CET). There are many arguments about whether a test of spoken English is necessary or not.
Some people believe it to be the only way to test how examinees speak English, that is, how well they do in pronunciation, intonation, fluency and etc. On the other hand, some hold that a test of spoken English cannot measure how well the students have done in English speaking. The worse is that it can do nothing but burden the students and make them demotivated under the pressure of an examination.
As for me, I think a test of spoken English in CET can show what and how well the examinees have done in English speaking. The results of the spoken test are just like mirrors, through which the examinees can check their work and become aware of which aspects they are not good at, so that they will make much improvement training concerned. As far as examinees ar concerned, they can mot only know they have done but also find out what they still don’t know or what they have not mastered well. Thus they will be inspired to greater efforts to improve their studying method so as to make greater progress.
In summary, a test of spoken English does more good than harm for examinees. We should take a positive attitude towards it. We should take full advantage of it and avoid its disadvantages.
实例3-06年12月真题
The Spring Festival Gala
1、 许多人喜欢在除夕观看春节联欢晚会
2、 有些人却提出取消春节联欢晚会
3、 在我看来……
Model Composition
There is always a heated discussion over the issue of the Spring Festival Gala organized by CCTV before and after the Chinese Lunar New Year. Some people are in favor of the program, while others maintain that the program is a waste of money and time.
In the eyes of the first group of people, the Spring Festival Gala should be encouraged for the following reasons. First, the gala has become a tradition for most people to spend the holiday, and they feel that they can find nothing else to do. Besides, the program can offer some talking materials for their family, friends and relatives.
However, those who argue against the gala and propose to cancel it also have their reasons. To begin with, the gala costs a lot, but the quality is not as good as expected. What’s more, people may do something else if the gals is cancelled. For example, the family may play games, or chat with each other to the relation between each much closer.
As is discussed above, it is obvious that there is some truth in both arguments. In my opinion, the program does more harm than good if watching it is the only thing to do on the eve of the lunar new year. It is likely to make this most important festival boring and meaningless.
Follow-up Exercises
1995年1月真题
Can Money Buy Happiness?
l 有人认为金钱是幸福之本(source of happiness);
l 也有人认为金钱是万恶之源(root of all evil);
l 我的看法。
1996年1月真题
The Two-day Weekend
l 双休日给大学生带来的好处;
l 问题;
l 我应当怎样过好双休日。
1998年6月真题
Do “Lucky Numbers” Really Bring Good Luck? (1998. 6)
l 有些人认为某些数字会带来好运;
l 有人认为数字和运气无关。
范文(略)，可自己练习
四、 问题解决题型 (Problem Solution)
问题解决型作文和对比题型作文是大学英语测试经常出现的题型。如在图表作文中，第一段要求大家对图表描述，而往往在第二段、第三段就要求分析原因和提出解决方法。至于提纲型作文则很大以部分是提出一个问题的两种不同看法，让大家进行分析。从这个意义上来说，这两种题型是四级作文考试的核心题型。
所谓问题解决题型是指题目要求大家对社会上存在的某个问题提出解决方法;其常见形式是：一、目前存在某个问题;二、这种问题的危害或产生原因;三、给出解决方法。
实例1----2001年1月真题
Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic How I Finance My College Education. You should write at least 100 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below：
l 上大学的费用(tuition and fees)可以通过多种渠道解决
l 那种渠道适合于我(说明理由)
Model Composition
How I Finance My College Education
Nowadays, tuition and fees for college education are much higher than ever before. How to finance college education has become a matter of concern for many students.
Different people have different ways to solve this problem. Some get all of the money from their parents. Some apply for a loan especially set up for college students. Some acquire the money completely by themselves, doing a full-time job in summer or winter holiday. Some other students may ask their parents for most of it and earn the rest in their spare time in college, by doing a part-time job.
As far as I’m concerned, I prefer the last way. Having acquired most of the tuition and fees from my parents, I needn’t worry too much about the money and can concentrate on my study; on the other hand, a part-time job in my spare time makes my campus-life colorful. I can make a lot of friends, improve my abilities and learn lots of knowledge. So, I choose this way to cover my tuition and fees.
实例2----2001年1月真题
Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic: How to Succeed in a Job interview? You should write at least 100 words, and base your composition on the outline given in Chinese below:
n 面试在求职过程中的作用
n 取得面试成功的因素：仪表、举止谈吐、能力、专业知识、自信、实事求是……
Model Composition
How to Succeed in a Job Interview
Job interviews are very important. Knowing how to take a good interview is important because, to some extent, to succeed in a job interview means to be offered a desirable job. First impressions are of paramount importance. The following points can help you impress the interviewer favorably.
First of all, be careful of your appearance. Your dress should be formal, neat and proper for the occasion. Secondly, punctuality is vital and make sure to arrive on time. Thirdly, be confident in yourself but speak to the interviewer in a polite manner, and be modest but not humble about your capacity, which would leave a good impression on your would-be boss.
A job interview is a potential opportunity and challenge to acquire a good job. The difference between a person who succeeds and one who does not lies only in the way each treats opportunities and challenges. A successful person is always well prepared to meet both of them as they arrive. Try to follow the tips mentioned above and you are sure to succeed.
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