新东方大学英语新四级考试写作部分讲义

　　3、 两大原则：

　　1) 句子写作：

　　(1) 句子原则：长短结合、以短句为主

　　(2) 基本句型：

　　A. 主谓：I succeed.

　　B. 主谓宾：I like Caicai.

　　C. 主系表：ZY is smart.

　　D. 主谓双宾：Wei Xiaobao gave Ake an English dictionary.

　　E. 主谓宾宾补：Tulongdao makes many people selfish.

　　(3) 长句写法：

　　A. 并列句：and/or/but/while/whereas

　　B. 从句：

　　a. 定语从句：who/that/which/when/where

　　b. 状语从句：when/where/if/because/though

　　c. 名词性从句：主语、宾语、表语、同位语从句

　　The fact that a great many teachers are respected shows/indicates/suggests that we should repay them.

　　What they fail to understand is that we should reciprocate out teachers.

　　C. 非谓语动词：

　　a. 动名词：

　　b. 分词：过去分词、现在分词

　　c. 不定式：

　　d. 独立主格：Time permitting, I will go to Beijing tomorrow.

　　2) 段落写作：

　　(1) Introduction：引言/起始/淘金段，3句

　　A. Thesis statement：中心思想，1句

　　B. Background information：背景信息，2句

　　a. Background背景

　　b. Facts事实

　　c. Others’ opinions反方观点

　　(2) Body：主体/拓展段，4句

　　A. Topic sentence：主题句，1句

　　B. Argument：论证，2句

　　a. Classification：分类

　　b. Exemplification：举例

　　Numerous examples can be given, but this/these will suffice.

　　I can think of no better illustration than the following one(s).

　　This story tells us that….

　　c. Cause and effect：因果

　　d. Comparison and contrast：比较和对比

　　e. Definition and explanation：定义和事实

　　f. Statistics and facts：统计和事实

　　According to the recent survey/data/figure/statistics/study by the Chinese Academy of Social Science, …%(percent)….

　　C. Summary：小结，1句

　　(3) Conclusion：结论段，3句

　　A. Topic sentence：主题句，1句

　　B. Argument：论证，1句

　　C. Summary：小结，1句