2009年12月英语四级写作的基本理论与技巧

　　1.2.5 结尾段的写法

　　结尾段(Concluding Paragraph)同开篇一样重要。结尾段对全文要点进行概括总结、表达作者的目的，以求留给读者一个深刻完整的印象，增强文章的效果。下面介绍四种常见的结尾方法：

　　1) 总结全文,得出结论

　　结尾段可用总结全文的方式强调、概括全文的主要内容，加深读者对全文的深刻了解与认识。例如：

　　主题：Physical exercise

　　In a word, I benefit a lot from doing physical exercise. I seldom get sick but feel vigorous even after a whole day’s work. I shall keep up doing physical exercise so as to live happily and fruitfully.

　　本段总结了全文，加深读者对“体育锻炼有益于健康”这一主题的认识。

　　2) 提出建议,号召行动,表达决心或展望未来

　　结尾段还可以在总结全文要点的基础上，对文中所提的暂时无法解决或尚无定论的问题适当引申，或提出建议，号召别人采取行动，或展望未来。这种方法可以启发读者思考并予以鼓舞，有助于增强文章的感染力。例如：

　　主题：Generation gap

　　In order to reconcile the differences, some forms of organization should be established to help the young and the old to exchange their ideas and strengthen their mutual understanding so as to bridge the gap.

　　该段就怎样弥补代沟方面提出一些建议。

　　3) 建议与结论

　　文章的结尾常结合两种写法。有的先提出建议或解决办法，再做结论。有的则先做出结论，再提出建议，例如：

　　主题：Shortage of natural resources(自然资源短缺)

　　The prolonged development of human society proves that population and economic and social progress eventually cannot be achieved without natural resources. To save the limited resources, we must take some measures to handle appropriately the relationship between the population and resources.

　　该段首先进行总结：人类社会持续的发展证明，如果没有自然资源，人口的繁衍、经济和社会的发展最终都是不可能的。

　　作者接着建议，为了节约有限的资源，我们必须采取一些措施，正确处理人口与资源的关系。

　　4) 提醒读者事物的两面性

　　文章的结尾还可以以转折的形式，提醒读者任何事物都有两面性，从而认识到其不足或负面的影响。例如：

　　主题：Solar Energy(太阳能)

　　However, solar energy has its disadvantages. One is that it is still very expensive for widespread practical use. Besides, solar systems would not work in cloudy or rainy days as well as at night. But in sunny areas, solar energy could help solve the energy crisis.