一、归纳总结法

　　归纳总结法指的是以文章前面的论述为依据，引出或重申文章的中心思想或结论。归纳总结法常用素材有：

　　1. To sum up, ______can benefit us tremendously if correctly used.

　　总而言之，如果运用得当，______会让我们受益匪浅。

　　2. Therefore, it is not difficult to draw the conclusion that ______.

　　因此，不难得出以下结论：______。

　　3. Recognizing the fact that ______ will lead us to conclude that ______.

　　承认______这一事实，我们能得出以下结论：______。

　　4. The evidence upon all sides supports/confirms/leads to a conclusion that ______.

　　各方面的证据支持/表明/得出这样一个结论：______。

　　5. From what has been discussed above/Based on the points discussed above, we can draw/arrive at the conclusion that ______.

　　综上所述，我们能得出如下结论：______。

　　6. In summary/conclusion/a word, it is important that we should ______.

　　总之，我们应该______，这一点很重要。

　　7. Taking into account all of these factors, we may reach the conclusion that______ .

　　考虑到所有因素，我们得出结论：______。

　　二、提出建议法

　　提出建议法是指对所讨论的问题提出建设性的意见或者解决问题的具体方法。

　　提出建议法常用素材有：

　　1. It might be time to hear the warnings of some e conomists.

　　该是听听一些经济学家的警告的时候了。

　　2. It is time that we put/urged an immediate end to the undesirable situation/tendency of ______.

　　该是结束______这种讨厌的情况/趋势的时候了。

　　3. Therefore, in order to ______, effective means should be taken to ______.

　　所以，为了______，必须采取有效措施来______。

　　4. It is high time that______ . Here are some of the things that might be taken up immediately.

　　该是______的时候了。这里有几项措施可以立即着手执行。

　　5. It is suggested that the government should make efforts to ______.

　　人们建议政府应该做出努力去______。

　　6. In short/In any case, we should/ought to/must ______.

　　总之/无论如何，我们应该/必须______。

　　7. Awareness of the seriousness of the problem is the first step toward the solution.

　　意识到这个问题的严重性是解决问题的第一步。

　　8. While it cannot be solved immediately, still there are ways. The most important is ______. Another way is ______.

　　尽管问题不能立即得到解决，但是还是有方法。最重要的是______。还有______。

　　三、预测展望法

　　预测展望法是指预测某一现象的发展趋势或某一措施的深远影响。预测展望法常用素材有：

　　1. The significance of ______cannot be overvalued.

　　______的意义重大。

　　2. What will happen to ______? Nobody really knows. But one thing is certain: ______.

　　______会发生什么事情?没有人确切知道。但有一件事可以肯定：______。

　　3. Following these suggestions may not guarantee success, but the payoff might be worth the effort. It will not only benefit ______ but also benefit ______.

　　也许这些建议并不能保证取得成功，但是值得一试。它不但会造福______，而且也会使______受益。

　　4. To reverse the trend is not a light task. It requires a good awareness of ______.

　　要想扭转这一趋势并非易事。这需要充分意识到______。

　　5. People are coming to realize the importance of ______. Some have begun to try their best to ______. We believe that ______.

　　人们开始意识到______的重要性。许多人已经开始竭力______。我们相信______。

　　6. It is clear/obvious/evident/apparent that ______. Therefore, the task of ______ requires/demands/involves ______.

　　很显然，______。因此，要完成______的任务必须______。

　　7. With the improvement of ______, ______will prove to hold great superior over ______.

　　随着______的改善，______将证明比______更具优越性。

　　8. There is a growing tendency for people these days to ______, which I believe will not change in a short time.

　　现在，人们______的趋势正在增加，而且我认为短时间内这种趋势不会改变。

　　9. If everyone is willing to contribute himself to the society, it will be better and better.

　　如果人人都愿意为社会做出贡献，社会将变得越来越美好。

　　10. Anyhow, whether it is positive or negative, one thing is certain that it will undoubtedly ______.

　　不管它的作用是积极的还是消极的，可以肯定的是它必将______。

　　11. Whatever you do, please remember the saying ______. If you understand it and apply it to your study or work, you’ll necessarily benefit a lot from it.

　　不管你做什么，请记住这句老话：______。只要你懂得它的意思，并将其应用到学习或工作中，你定将受益匪浅。

　　12. The influence of ______ is not confined to______ . It also ______.

　　______的影响不仅局限于______，它还______。

　　以上三种是最常用的结尾方式，如果有同学喜欢在结尾引用名人名言，还可以背下面一些句子在末尾段使用。

　　四、名言引用法

　　名言引用法是指引用古今中外名人的名言警句来证明论点。

　　名言引用法常用素材有：

　　1. The saying ______ has been widely accepted throughout the world.

　　名言______在世界范围内被普遍接受。

　　2. “______.” We are used to hearing such words like those. “______。”

　　我们常常听到这样的说法。

　　3. “______.” Such is the opinion of a great man. This remark has been confirmed time and time again by many historical events. “______。”

　　这是一位伟大的人物的观点。该言论已经被许多历史事件反复验证。

　　4. As the proverb goes, ______ .

　　正如谚语______所说。

　　5. There is an English proverb which says that ______.

　　有一个英语谚语______。

　　6. There is an old saying, “______.” It is the experience of our forefathers, however, it is correct in many cases even today.

　　古语道：“______。”这是前辈的经验，但在今天许多情况下也适用。

　　7. “______” is the opinion held by______ . This remark has been confirmed time and again by more and more people.

　　“______”是______的观点，而且被越来越多的人反复证实。

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