英语四级新题型(阅读)冲刺讲义【新东方】

考试易犯的五大错误 　翻译高分攻略 　　新四级冲刺方略

四级阅读对能力和速度的要求：
    1、速度方面的要求：        
　　 　提高速度的方法：                
　　　 1、改掉阅读的不良习惯              
　　　 2、增加视野的宽度                
　　　 3、养成阅读的习惯                
　　      4、用技巧性方式提高阅读速度
                  1）看文章时要有所不为    

　　　Sometimes the pupils work in pairs; sometimes they work on individual tasks and assignments, and they can do this at their own speed. They also have some formal class teaching when this is appropriate. We encourage our pupils to use the library, and we teach them the skills they need in order to do this efficiently. An advanced pupil can do advanced work: it does not matter what age the child is. We expect our pupils to do their best, not their least, and we give them every encouragement to attain this goal.

　　　We invited staff volunteers who had a strong liking for either Coca-Cola Classic（传统型）or Pepsi, Diet（低糖的）Coke, or Diet Pepsi. These were people who thought they'd have no trouble telling their brand from the other brand.
   　　 We eventually located 19 regular cola drinkers and 27 diet cola drinkers. Then we fed them four unidentified samples of cola one at a time, regular colas for the one group, diet versions for the other. We asked them to tell us whether each sample was Coke or Pepsi; then we analyzed the records statistically to compare the participants' choices with what mere guess-work could have accomplished.
  　　  Getting all four samples right was a tough test, but not too tough, we thought, for people who believed they could recognize their brand. In the end, only 7 out of 19 regular cola drinkers correctly identified their brand of choice in all four trials. The diet-cola drinkers did a little worse-only 7 of 27 identified all four samples correctly.

                  2）找答案要有方向感
　　Statuses are marvelous human inventions that enable us to get along with one another and to determine where we "fit" in society. As we go about our everyday lives, we mentally attempt to place people in terms of their statuses. For example, we must judge whether the person in the library is a reader or a librarian, whether the telephone caller is a friend or a salesman, whether the unfamiliar person on our property is a thief or a meter reader, and so on.
    The statuses we assume often vary with the people we encounter, and change throughout life. Most of us can, at very high speed, assume the statuses that various situations require. Much of social interaction consists of identifying and selecting among appropriate statuses and allowing other people to assume their statuses in relation to us. This means that we fit our actions to those of other people based on a constant mental process of appraisal and interpretation. Although some of us find the task more difficult than other, most of us perform it rather effortlessly.
    A status has been compared to ready-made clothes. Within certain limits, the buyer can choose style and fabric. But an American is not free to choose costume（服装）of a Chinese peasant or that of a Hindu prince. We must choose from among the clothing presented by our society. Furthermore, our choice is limited to a size that will fit, as well as by our pocketbook（钱包）. Having made a choice within these limits we can have certain alterations made, but apart from minor adjustments, we tend to be limited to what the stores have on their racks. Statuses too come ready made, and the range of choice among them is limited.

51. In the first paragraph, the writer tells us that statuses can help us ________.
   A) determine whether a person is fit for a certain job
   B) behave appropriately in relation to other people
   C) protect ourselves in unfamiliar situations
   D) make friends with other people
52. According to the writer, people often assume different statuses ________.
   A) in order to identify themselves with others
   B) in order to better identify others
   C) as their mental processes change
   D) as the situation changes.
53. The word "appraisal" (Line 5, Para. 2) most probably means " ________ ".
   A) involvement                         C) assessment
   B) appreciation                         D) presentation
54. In the last sentence of the second paragraph, the pronoun "it" refers to " ________ ".
   A) fitting our actions to those of other people appropriately
   B) identification of other people's statuses
   C) selecting one's own statuses
   D) constant mental process
55. By saying that "an American is not free to choose the costume of a Chinese peasant or that of a Hindu prince" (Lines 2 - 3, Para. 3), the writer means ________.
   A) different people have different styles of clothes
   B) ready-made clothes may need alterations
   C) statuses come ready made just like clothes
   D) our choice of statuses is limited

    Many a young person tells me he wants to be a writer. I always encourage such people, but I also explain that there's a big difference between "being a writer" and writing. In most cases these individuals are dreaming of wealth and fame, not the long hours alone at a typewriter. "You've got to want to write," I say to them, "not want to be a writer."
    The reality is that writing is a lonely, private and poor-paying affair. For every writer kissed by fortune there are thousands more whose longing is never rewarded. When I left a 20-year career in the U.S. Coast Guard to become a freelance writer（自由撰稿者）, I had no prospects at all: What I did have was a friend who found me my room in a New York apartment building. It didn't even matter that it was cold and had no bathroom. I immediately bought a used manual typewriter and felt like a genuine writer.
    After a year or so, however, I still hadn't gotten a break and began to doubt myself. It was so hard to sell a story that barely made enough to eat. But I knew I wanted to write. I had dreamed about it for years. I wasn't going to be one of those people who die wondering, What if? I would keep putting my dream to the test — even though it meant living with uncertainty and fear of failure. This is Shadowland of hope, and anyone with a dream must learn to live there.

56. The passage is meant to ________.
   A) warn young people of the hardships that a successful writer has to experience
   B) advise young people to give up their idea of becoming a professional writer
   C) show young people it's unrealistic for a writer to pursue wealth and fame
   D) encourage young people to pursue a writing career
57. What can be concluded from the passage?
   A) Genuine writers often find their work interesting and rewarding.
   B) A writer's success depends on luck rather than on effort.
   C) Famous writers usually live in poverty and isolation.
   D) The chances for a writer to become successful are small.
58. Why did the author begin to doubt himself after the first year of his writing career?
   A) He wasn't able to produce a single book.
   B) He hadn't seen a change for the better.
   C) He wasn't able to have a rest for a whole year.
   D) He found his dream would never come true.
59. " ... people who die wondering, What if?" (Line 3, Para. 3) refers to "those" ________.
   A) who think too much of the dark side of life
   B) who regret giving up their career halfway
   C) who think a lot without making a decision
   D) who are full of imagination even upon death
60. "Shadowland" in the last sentence refers to ________.
   A) the wonderland on often dreams about
   B) the bright future that one is looking forward to
   C) the state of uncertainty before one's final goal is reached
   D) a world that exists only in one's imagination

        2、能力方面的要求：         
　　   1）把握文章主题           
　　　2）说明重要细节           
　　　 3）进行分析推理        
　　    4）领会作者的态度
        七种题型：                
　　 1、态度题                 2、是非判断题                 3、细节题                 4、观点题                 5、考文章主题的主题题型                 6、推理题　　7、词汇题
    Taste is such a subjective matter that we don't usually conduct preference tests for food. The most you can say about anyone's preference, is that it's one person's opinion. But because the two big cola（可乐饮料）companies—Coca-Cola and Pepsi Cola are marketed so aggressively, we've wondered how big a role taste preference actually plays in brand loyalty. We set up a taste test that challenged people who identified themselves as either Coca-Cola or Pepsi fans: Find your brand in a blind tasting.
    We invited staff volunteers who had a strong liking for either Coca-Cola Classic（传统型）or Pepsi, Diet（低糖的）Coke, or Diet Pepsi. These were people who thought they'd have no trouble telling their brand from the other brand.
    We eventually located 19 regular cola drinkers and 27 diet cola drinkers. Then we fed them four unidentified samples of cola one at a time, regular colas for the one group, diet versions for the other. We asked them to tell us whether each sample was Coke or Pepsi; then we analyzed the records statistically to compare the participants' choices with what mere guess-work could have accomplished.
    Getting all four samples right was a tough test, but not too tough, we thought, for people who believed they could recognize their brand. In the end, only 7 out of 19 regular cola drinkers correctly identified their brand of choice in all four trials. The diet-cola drinkers did a little worse-only 7 of 27 identified all four samples correctly.
    While both groups did better than chance would predict, nearly half the participants in each group made the wrong choice two or more times. Two people got all four samples wrong. Overall, half the participants did about as well on the last round of tasting as on the first, so fatigue, or taste burnout, was not a factor. Our preference test results suggest that only a few Pepsi participants and Coke fans may really be able to tell their favorite brand by taste and price.

56. According to the passage the preference test was conducted in order to ________.
   A) find out the role taste preference plays in a person's drinking
   B) reveal which cola is more to the liking of the drinkers
   C) show that a person's opinion about taste is mere guess-work
   D) compare the ability of the participants in choosing their drinks
57. The statistics recorded in the preference tests show ________.
   A) Coca-Cola and Pepsi are people's two most favorite drinks
   B) there is not much difference in taste between Coca-Cola and Pepsi
   C) few people had trouble telling Coca-Cola from Pepsi
   D) people's tastes differ from one another
58. It is implied in the first paragraph that ________.
   A) the purpose of taste tests is to promote the sale of colas
   B) the improvement of quality is the chief concern of the two cola companies
   C) the competition between the two colas is very strong
   D) blind tasting is necessary for identifying fans
59. The word "burnout" (Line 4, Para. 5) here refers to the state of ________.
   A) being seriously burnt in the skin
   B) being unable to burn for lack of fuel
   C) being badly damaged by fire
   D) being unable to function because of excessive use
60. The author's purpose in writing this passage is to ________.
   A) show that taste preference is highly subjective
   B) argue that taste testing is an important marketing strategy
   C) emphasize that taste and price are closely related to each other
   D) recommend that blind tasting be introduced in the quality control of colas

        如何提高阅读能力：  
               1、扩大阅读量                 2、模仿长句、难句、复杂句
               3、攻克单词关

　　四级阅读的做题方法：
         1、在题干中找关键词         2、分析原文，同时定位关键词         3、做题时，要回到文章分析相关内容         4、结合排除法选择答案

　　课程安排：         1、前6次课：9大考点；7种题型；两种能力         2、快速阅读；简答题

　　教材使用：         1、真题的作用         2、模拟教材的误导作用

大学英语四级篇章词汇结构题全攻略

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