英语四级新题型(阅读)冲刺讲义【新东方】

考试易犯的五大错误 翻译高分攻略 新四级冲刺方略

第四课时

总结
1、数字       1）数字串考且仅考一个题       2）计算题至少涉及两个数字 2、转折       1）第一段的转折经常和文章主题有关联       2）转折前后对应的单词是反义词，对应的句子是反义句       3）如果句子里面含有however，被考的可能性90％以上 3、举例       如果题干在问一个例子说明什么，则文章中例子本身可以不看
29. The example of the Apollo II moon launch is given to illustrate that ________.
   A) minor mistakes can be ignored in achieving major objectives
   B) keeping one's goal in mind helps in deciding which details can be overlooked
   C) adjustments are the key to the successful completion of any work
   D) failure is the mother of success

    On average, American kids ages 3 to 12 spent 29 hours a week in school, eight hours more that they did in 1981. They also did more household work and participated in more of such organized activities as soccer and ballet（芭蕾舞）. Involvement in sports, in particular, rose almost 50% from 1981 to 1997: boys now spend an average of four hours a week playing sports; girls log half that time. All in all, however, children's leisure time dropped from 40% of the day in 1981 to 25%
    "Children are affected by the same time crunch（危机）that affects their parents," says Sandra Hofferth, who headed the recent study of children's timetable, A chief reason, she says, is that more mothers are working outside the home. (Nevertheless, children in both double-income and "male breadwinner" households spent comparable amounts of time interacting with their parents 19 hours and 22 hours respectively. In contrast, children spent only 9 hours with their single mothers.)
    All work and no play could make for some very messed-up kids. "Play is the most powerful way a child explores the world and learns about himself," says T. Berry Brazelton, professor at Harvard Medical School. Unstructured play encourages independent thinking and allows the young to negotiate their relationships with their peers, but kids ages 3 to 12 spent only 12 hours a week engaged in it.
    The children sampled spent a quarter of their rapidly decreasing "free time" watching television. But that, believe it or not, was one of the findings parents might regard as good news. If they're spending less time in front of the TV set, however, kids aren't replacing it with reading. Despite efforts to get kids more interested in books, the children spent just over an hour a week reading. Let's face it, who's got the time?

21. By mentioning "the same time crunch" (Line 1, Para. 2) Sandra Hofferth means ________.
   A) children have little time to play with their parents
   B) children are not taken good care of by their working parents
   C) both parents and children suffer from lack of leisure time
   D) both parents and children have trouble managing their time
22. According to the author, the reason given by Sandra Hofferth for the time crunch is ________.
   A) quite convincing
   B) partially true
   C) totally groundless
   D) rather confusing
23. According to the author a child develops better if ________.
   A) he has plenty of time reading and studying
   B) he is left to play with his peers in his own way
   C) he has more time participating in school activities
   D) he is free to interact with his working parents
24. The author is concerned about the fact that American kids ________.
   A) are engaged in more and more structured activities
   B) are increasingly neglected by their working mothers
   C) are spending more and more time watching TV
   D) are involved less and less in household work
25. We can infer from the passage that ________.
   A) extracurricular activities promote children's intelligence
   B) most children will turn to reading with TV sets switched off
   C) efforts to get kids interested in reading have been fruitful
   D) most parents believe reading to be beneficial to children

    Suppose we built a robot（机器人）to explore the planet Mars. We provide the robot with seeing detectors to keep it away from danger. It is powered entirely by the sun. Should we program the robot to be equally active at all times? No. The robot would be using up energy at a time when it was not receiving any. So we would probably program it to cease its activity at night and to wake up at dawn the next morning.
    According to the evolutionary（进化的）theory of sleep, evolution equipped us with a regular pattern of sleeping and waking for the same reason. The theory does not deny（否认）that sleep provides some important restorative functions. It merely says that evolution has programmed us to perform those functions at a time when activity would be inefficient and possibly dangerous. However, sleep protects us only from the sort of trouble we might walk into; it does not protect us from trouble that comes looking for us. So we sleep well when we are in a familiar, safe place, but we sleep lightly, if at all, when we fear that bears will nose into the tent.
    The evolutionary theory accounts well for differences in sleep among creatures. Why do cats, for instance, sleep so much, while horses sleep so little? Surely cats do not need five times as much repair and restoration as horses do. But cats can afford to have long periods of inactivity because they spend little time eating and are unlikely to be attacked while they sleep. Horses must spend almost all their waking hours eating, because what they eat is very low in energy value. Moreover, they cannot afford to sleep too long or too deeply, because their survival depends on their ability to run away from attackers.

21. The author uses the example of the robot in space exploration to tell us ________.
   A) the differences between robots and men
   B) the reason why men need to sleep
   C) about the need for robots to save power
   D) about the danger of men working at night
22. Evolution has programmed man to sleep at night chiefly to help him ________.
   A) maintain a regular pattern of life
   B) prevent trouble that comes looking for him
   C) avoid danger and inefficient labour
   D) restore his bodily functions
23. According to the author, we cannot sleep well when we ________.
   A) are worrying about our safety         C) are in a tent
   B) are overworked                    D) are away from home
24. Cats sleep much more than horses do partly because cats ________.
   A) need more time for restoration
   B) are unlikely to be attackers
   C) are more active than horses when they are awake
   D) spend less time eating to get enough energy
25. Which of the following is the main idea of the passage?
   A) Evolution has equipped all creatures with a regular pattern of sleeping and waking.
   B) The study of sleep is an important part of the evolutionary theory.
   C) Sleep patterns must be taken into consideration in the designing of robots.
   D) The sleeping pattern of a living creature is determined by the food it eats.

Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage:

    We find that bright children are rarely heal back by mixed-ability teaching. On the contrary, both their knowledge and experience are enriched. We feel that there are many disadvantages in streaming（把……按能力分班）pupils. It does not take into account the fact that children develop at different rates. It can have a bad effect on both the bright and the not-so-bright child. After all, it can be quite discouraging to be at the bottom of the top grade!
    Besides, it is rather unreal to grade people just according to their intellectual（智力的）ability. This is only one aspect of their total personality. We are concerned to develop the abilities of all our pupils to the full, not just their academic ability. We also value personal qualities and social skills, and we find that mixed-ability teaching contributes to all these aspects of learning.
    In our classrooms, we work in various ways. The pupils often work in groups: this gives them the opportunity to learn to co-operate, to share, and to develop leadership skills. They also learn how to cope with（对付）personal problems as well as learning how to think, to make decisions, to analyse and evaluate, and to communicate effectively. The pupils learn from each other as well as from the teacher.
    Sometimes the pupils work in pairs; sometimes they work on individual tasks and assignments, and they can do this at their own speed. They also have some formal class teaching when this is appropriate. We encourage our pupils to use the library, and we teach them the skills they need in order to do this efficiently. An advanced pupil can do advanced work: it does not matter what age the child is. We expect our pupils to do their best, not their least, and we give them every encouragement to attain this goal.

36. In the passage the author's attitude towards 'mixed-ability teaching' is ________.
   A) critical                             C) approving
   B) questioning                         D) objective
37. By 'held back' (Line 1) the author means '________'.
   A) made to remain in the same classes
   B) forced to study in the lower classes
   C) drawn to their studies
   D) prevented from advancing
38. The author argues that a teacher's chief concern should be the development of the student's ________.
   A) personal qualities and social skills
   B) total personality
   C) learning ability and communicative skills
   D) intellectual ability
39. Which of the following is NOT MENTIONED in the third paragraph?
   A) Group work gives pupils the opportunity to learn to work together with others.
   B) Pupils also learn to develop their reasoning abilities.
   C) Group work provides pupils with the opportunity to learn to be capable organizers.
   D) Pupils also learn how to participate in teaching activities.
40. The author's purpose of writing this passage is to ________.
   A) argue for teaching bright and not-so-bright pupils in the same class
   B) recommend pair work and group work for classroom activities
   C) offer advice on the proper use of the library
   D) emphasize the importance of appropriate formal classroom teaching

Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.
    Some pessimistic experts feel that the automobile is bound to fall into disuse. They see a day in the not-too-distant future when all autos will be abandoned and allowed to rust. Other authorities, however, think the auto is here to stay. They hold that the car will remain a leading means of urban travel in the foreseeable future.
    The motorcar will undoubtedly change significantly over the next 30 years. It should become smaller, safer, and more economical, and should not be powered by the gasoline engine. The car of the future should be far more pollution-free than present types.
    Regardless of its power source, the auto in the future will still be the main problem in urban traffic congestion（拥挤）. One proposed solution to this problem is the automated highway system.
    When the auto enters the highway system, a retractable（可伸缩的）arm will drop from the auto and make contact with a rail, which is similar to those powering subway trains electrically. Once attached to the rail, the car will become electrically powered from the system, and control of the vehicle will pass to a central computer. The computer will then monitor all of he car's movements.
    The driver will use a telephone to dial instructions about his destination into the system. The computer will calculate the best route, and reserve space for the car all the way to the correct exit from the highway. The driver will then be free to relax and wait for the buzzer（蜂鸣器）that will warn him of his coming exit. It is estimated that an automated highway will be able to handle 10000 vehicles per hour, compared with the 1500 to 2000 vehicles that can be carried by a present-day highway.

21. One significant improvement in the future car will probably be ________.
   A) its power source
   B) its driving system
   C) its monitoring system
   D) its seating capacity
22. What is the author's main concern?
   A) How to render automobiles pollution-free.
   B) How to make smaller and safer automobiles.
   C) How to solve the problem of traffic jams.
   D) How to develop an automated subway system.
23. What provides autos with electric power in an automated highway system?
   A) A rail.
   B) An engine
   C) A retractable arm.
   D) A computer controller.
24. In an automated highway system, all the driver needs to do is ________.
   A) keep in the right lane
   B) wait to arrive at his destination
   C) keep in constant touch with the computer center
   D) inform the system of his destination by phone
25. What is the author's attitude toward the future of autos?
   A) Enthusiastic.
   B) Pessimistic.
   C) Optimistic.
   D) Cautious.

大学英语四级篇章词汇结构题全攻略

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