大学英语四六级考试虚拟语气详解资料

　　第二节：其他形式的条件句中的虚拟语气

　　一、用“without/but for/in the absence of ”表示“要不是”，“如果没有”(相当于if it were not　for…)表示条件时，句中一般用虚拟语气。(也可用陈述语气)

　　Without your help, I couldn' t finish my work on time.

　　In the absence of water and air, nothing could live.

　　二、由“providing (that)/ provided (that)/on condition that/ in order　that”引导的条件从句或目的从句，根据情况，可用虚拟语气。(有时也可用陈述语气)

　　They are willing surrender provided they are given free passage.

　　三、用without / but for / in the absence of 表示"要不是"、"如果没有"，表示条件虚拟句：

　　(1). Without air, nothing could live.要是没有空气，什么也不能生存。

　　(2). But for your assistance, we could not accomplish it.要不是你的帮忙，我们是难有成就的。

　　(3). In the absence of water and air, nothing could live.如果没有水和空气，什么也不能生存。

　　第五部分：其他几种情况下的虚拟语气

　　第一节：虚拟语气在as if / as though 引导的方式状语从句中的应用

　　虚拟语气在as if / as though 引导的方式状语从句中，谓语动词形式与wish后的宾语从句基本相同

　　1.表示与现在事实相反或对现在情况有怀疑，谓语动词用过去式。例如：

　　(1) .He felt as if he alone were responsible for what had happened.他感到仿佛唯独他要对发生的一切负责。

　　(2). He acts as if he were / was a TV expert.他做起事来好象是个电视专家。

　　(3).Alan talked about Rome as if he were a Roman.艾伦谈起罗马来好像他是个罗马人一样。

　　(4).John pretends as if he didn' t know the thing at all, but in fact he knows it very well.(用过去式表示与现在事实相反的假设)

　　(5). He pretends as if he didn't know the thing at all, but in fact he knows it very well.(用过去式表示与现在事实相反的假设)他假装好象完全不懂那事，其实他对那事非常了解。

　　2. 表示过去想象中的动作或情况，谓语动词用过去完成式。如：

　　(1).The tree looked as if it ______ for a long time.

　　A. hasn't watered 　　　　B. didn't water

　　C. hadn't bee watered 　　D. wasn't watered

　　那棵树看上去好象很久没人给浇水了。(答案是c)

　　(2).The old man looked at the picture, he felt as though he had gone back to time 20 years ago.(用过去完成式表示与过去相反的事实)

　　(3). The old man looked at the picture, he felt as though he had gone back to time 20 years ago.(用过去完成式表示与过去相反的事实)那老人看着照片，他觉得仿佛回到20年前的时光。

　　3.表示与将来事实相反:

　　(1).They talked and talked as if they would never meet again (would+动词原形，表示与将来事实相反)

　　(2). They talked and talked as if they would never meet again.(would + 原形动词meet，表示与将来事实相反)他们谈了又谈，仿佛他们不会再相见的样子。

　　注: 在as if / as though 句中, 如果有可能成为事实, 用陈述语气.

　　He looks as if he is going to be ill.

　　第二节：虚拟语气用在lest，for fear that及in case引导的目的状语从句中

　　在由lest等引导的目的状语从句中需用虚拟语气，表示“以防，以免”等意思，其谓语动词多由should +动词原形构成，should也可省略。

　　例如：

　　⑴、He was punished lest he should make the same mistake again.他被处以惩罚以免他再犯。

　　⑵、The mad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he _____ himself.

　　a. injure　　b. injured 　　c. had injure　　d. would injure

　　这个疯子被关进墙上装有衬垫的病房，以免伤了他自己。(答案是a)

　　相关链接：英语四级备考冲刺：如果你只剩下一个月的时间

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