专家解析大学英语四级考试历年阅读真题(十五)

　　30. Which of the following statements does the author support?

　　A) Specialists are more expensive to hire than generalists.

　　B) Formal schooling is less important than job training.

　　C) On-the-job training is, in the long run, less costly.

　　D) Generalists will outdo specialists in management.(D)

　　题目问作者支持下列哪个观点。从四个选项来看，这道题的考查范围遍布全文，不过解答难度却并不高，原因就是三个错误选项的迷惑性相对较小。

　　A，给“专家”所付的薪水比“杂家”要高。文中没有直接说工资高低问题。从文中的观点——杂家进入管理层的机会高于专家来看，杂家的薪水肯定是高于专家的。这与A的说法相反。

　　B，正规学校教育不如工作培训重要。文章里没有类似的内容，可以直接排除。

　　C，在职培训从长远角度讲花费更少。文章没有讲到花费问题，可以直接排除。

　　D，“杂家”在管理方面要胜过“专家”。这正是文章后三段论述的中心。

　　Passage Three

　　Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.

　　About six years ago I was eating lunch in a restaurant in New York City when a woman and a young boy sat down at the next table, I couldn’t help overhearing parts of their conversation. At one point the woman asked: “So, how have you been?” And the boy—who could not have been more than seven or eight years old—replied. “Frankly, I’ve been feeling a little depressed lately.”

　　This incident stuck in my mind because it confirmed my growing belief that children are changing. As far as I can remember, my friends and I didn’t find out we were “depressed” until we were in high school.

　　The evidence of a change in children has increased steadily in recent years. Children don’t seem childlike anymore. Children speak more like adults, dress more like adults and behave more like adults than they used to.

　　Whether this is good or bad is difficult to say, but it certainly is different. Childhood as it once was no longer exists, Why?

　　Human development is based not only on innate (天生的) biological states, but also on patterns of access to social knowledge. Movement from one social rote to another usually involves learning the secrets of the new status. Children have always been taught adult secrets, but slowly and in stages: traditionally, we tell sixth graders things we keep hidden from fifth graders.

　　In the last 30 years, however, a secret-revelation (揭示) machine has been installed in 98 percent of American homes. It is called television, Television passes information, and indiscriminately (不加区分地), to all viewers alike, be they children or adults. Unable to resist the temptation, many children turn their attention from printed texts to the less challenging, more vivid moving pictures.

　　Communication through print, as a matter of fact, allows for a great deal of control over the social information to which children have access. Reading and writing involve a complex code of symbols that must be memorized and practices. Children must read simple books before they can read complex materials.

　　31. According to the author, feeling depressed is ________.

　　A) a sure sign of a psychological problem in a child

　　B) something hardly to be expected in a young child

　　C) an inevitable has of children’s mental development

　　D) a mental scale present in all humans, including children(B)

　　32. Traditionally, a child is supposed to learn about the adult world ________.

　　A) through contact with society

　　B) gradually and under guidance

　　C) naturally and by biological instinct

　　D) through exposure to social information(B)