2009年6月英语四六级阅读理解通用高分技能

　　(3) 判断作者观点

　　Which of the following statements was written by someone who prefers small cars to large ones?

　　A) Their excellent gas mileage and even their improved interior design notwithstanding，today’s compact cars simply fail to provide the feel a traditional motorist yearns for.

　　B) They lack some of the size and even the character of the full-sized autos we were accustomed to; but today’s compacts more than make up for this with their excellent gas mileage.

　　本题要求我们对A、B中哪种观点赞成小汽车作出判断。A句中主句对小汽车予以否定，句首对小汽车的肯定性陈述又被notwithstanding一词否定。答案是B，第一分句讲到小汽车的缺陷：缺乏大汽车的空间和气派;第二分句则认为小汽车的紧凑及其优秀的低耗油特征能远远弥补上述不足，前面以转折连词将作者观点转向第二分句。

　　归纳

　　归纳是一种由特殊(个别)到一般的概括，从阅读理解角度说，所谓个别即具体细节，所谓一般即章节段落的大意或主题，归纳是由特殊细节推向一般主题的概括过程。我们可以

　　借助词的上下义关系来领会掌握并运用归纳这一方法。

　　(1) 句子的归纳

　　A) Microwave ovens have eliminated many of the inconveniences previously associated with the preparation of meals.

　　B) Many foods can go directly from the freezer to the microwave oven without being defrosted.

　　C) Many microwave ovens can be pre-set to cook food while you are away from the kitchen.

　　D) The microwave oven has greatly reduced the amount of time it takes to cook a meal.

　　题中四句话都提到微波炉的好处，其中B、C、D 分别从方便、解冻、定时三个不同的方面具体讲述微波炉不同于传统炊具的优势，而A则从整体上覆盖了上述三句的内容，故A是对B、C、D的概括，上述分析、寻找最具概括意义之选项的过程即为归纳过程。推而广之，我们可用之于段落和短文主题的归纳。

　　(2) 段落大意的归纳

　　Although most universities in the United States are run on a semester system, which offers classes in the fall and spring, some schools observe a quarter system comprised of fall, winter, spring, and summer quarters. The academic year, September to June, is divided into three quarters of eleven weeks each beginning in September, January, and March, the summer quarter, June to August is composed of shorter sessions of varying length. Students may take advantage of the opportunity to study year around by enrolling in all four quarters, Most students begin their programs in the fall quarter, but they may enter at the beginning of any of the other quarters.

　　A) Universities in the United States

　　B) The Academic Year

　　C) The Quarter System

　　D) The Semester System

　　本段由四个句子组成，各句大意分别为：1)有些学校实行四学期制;2)学年从9月至下年7月，前三个学期各长11周，夏季学期最短;3)学生可于任何学期注册入学;4)但大多数学生秋季入学。通过上述四句大意的归纳，可知本段落主要讲述美国大学的一种学期制，即Quarter System，答案为C。