2012年12月英语四级考试阅读习题及答案解析(1)

　　导读：

　　Reading is thought to be a kind of conversation between the reader and the text. The reader puts questions, as it were ( 意为“可以说，姑且这么说”，有打比方的性质 ) , to the text and gets answers. In the light of these he puts O)furtherquestions, and so on.

　　For most of the time this “conversation” goes on below the level of consciousness. At times ( 意为“有时“与 most of the time 形成对比，因此很容易推出第 2 题应填的词 ) , however, we become M)aware of it. This is usually when we are running into difficulties, when mismatch is occurring between J)expectations and meaning. When successful matching is being experienced, our question of the text continues at the unconscious level.

　　Different people B)conversewith the text differently. Some stay very close to the words on the page ( 意为“与单词保持很近距离”，即不注意单词本身的意思 ) , others take off ( 意为“离开”，在这指匆匆略过单词，即不注重单词本身的意思 ) imaginatively from the words, interpreting, criticizing, analyzing and examining. The former represents a kind of comprehension which is D)written in the text. The latter represents I)higher levels of comprehension. The balance between these is important, especially for advanced readers.

　　There is another conversation which from our point of view isC)equally important, and that is ( There is another…and that is… 。 其中由“ that” 可知本文一共谈到了两种对话方式，第一种即是第一段中提到的对文章反复提问的方式，第二种就是此处提到的关于怎样读的方式。句中 which 和 that 指代的都是 conversation ) to do not with what is read but with how it is read. We call this a “process” conversation as A)opposed to a “content” conversation. It is concerned not with meaning but with the F)strategies we employ in reading. If we are an advanced reader our ability ( If we are…our ability… 。 其中 If 引导的是条件壮语从句， to hold a process conversation with a text 作后置定语修饰句子的主语 our ability 。 ) to hold a process conversation with a text is usually pretty well E)developed. Not so our ability to hold a content conversation.

　　全文翻译:

　　阅读可以看出是读者和文章之间的一种沟通。可以说，读者对文章提出问题并得到解答，由此再提出新的问题，如此反复。

　　大多数时候，这种沟通是在无意识中进行的，然而，有时候我们也会意识到沟通的存在，通常是在我们提到难题或猜测与文章意思不符时。如果我们做出的猜测正确，对文章的提问会继续在无意识中进行。

　　不同读者与文章对话的方式也不同。有些人侧重读懂字词意义，而有些人匆匆越过字词，发挥想象力，对文章做出自己的阐释，评判一番，做出分析，深入研究。前者代表了拘泥字面的理解方式，后者代表了更深层次的理解。掌握这两者之间的平衡很重要，对高级读者而言更是如此。

　　还有另一种对话，我们认为同样重要，这种对话不是有关读什么，而是有关怎样读的问题。与“内容对话”相对我们称其为“程序对话”，程序对话关心的不是文字意义，而是阅读方法。通常高级读者与文章进行“程序对话”的能力很强，而与文章进行“内容对话”的能力却一般。

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