2010年12月英语四六级考试必备核心语法(15)

　　(六)含有情态动词的被动语态

　　句中含有情态动词时，其被动语态的结构是：情态动词+be+过去分词：

　　The timetable can be changed any time. 时间表随时可以改变。

　　This book may not be taken out of the reading room. 这本书不允许带出阅览室。

　　This dictionary must be taken good care of. 这本词典必须保管好。

　　(七)不能用于被动语态的动词

　　1、不及物动词不能用于被动语态，因为它们没有宾语。

　　2、表示状态而不是动作的及物动词，如 break out, belong to, cost, deserve, fit, have ( 有、使)，hold (盛下、装下)，lack, resemble, suit, take part in, take place, want, wish等动词不能变为被动语态。例如：

　　Everybody wanted Doris to be the manager. 大家都想让多里斯来当经理.

　　We like everybody to say what they think. 我们喜欢让人人都说出他们的看法。

　　Do you wish me to stay? 你希望我留下吗?

　　Will you help me (to) do the work? 你可以帮助我做干活吗?

　　The war broke out in 1937. 战争爆发在1937年。

　　This car belongs to me. 这车是属于我的。

　　He has a good job. 他有个好工作。(不说A good job is had by him.)

　　They have a large house. 他们有所大房子。

　　I’ll have him come early. 我要让他早来。

　　Though I like the dress, it doesn’t fit me. 尽管我喜欢那件连衣裙，但穿着不合适。(不说Though the dress is liked by me, I’m not fitted by the dress.)

　　We lack manpower at the moment. 我们现在缺少人手。(不说Manpower is lacked by us at the moment.)

　　My computer cost me seven hundred and ninety dollars. 我花了790美元买这台计算机。

　　She resembles her father. 她像她父亲。(不说her father is resembled by her.)

　　3、短语动词中有些用于被动结构，有些不可以。但没有规律可循，只能个别掌握：

　　I was very well looked after when I was working there. 我在那里工作的时候，得到很好的照顾。

　　An overpass is being put up at the corner of the street. 在那条街的拐角处正在建起一个过街天桥。

　　Everybody agreed with me. 大家都同意我的意见。(不能说 I was agreed with by everybody.)

　　I walked into the house. 我走进房子。(不能说The house was walked into.)

　　I broke into the house. 我破门而入那栋房子。(却可以说The house was broken into by me.)

　　4、反身代词和each other, one another作宾语时不能变为被动。例如：

　　They acknowledged themselves to be defeated. 他们承认他们自己被击败了。

　　She praised herself. 她自我表扬。

　　He ruined himself. 他毁了自己。

　　5、下列及物动词有特殊的宾语，也不能变为被动语态：

　　The police officer shouted his loudest to stop the car. 警官用最大的声音喊叫，想叫住那辆车。

　　The famous actress breathed her last. 那位著名的女影星咽气了。

　　She nodded her approval. 她点头同意。

　　I smiled my thanks. 我微笑致谢。

　　He wishes to be somebody. 他想成个人物。

　　He enjoys taking pictures. 他喜欢摄影。

　　Keep silence, please. 请保持安静。

　　They usually take a walk after supper. 他们通常晚饭后散步。