三者均可用作连系动词,意为“好像”、“似乎”等,区别如下:
1. 从词义上看:look 指视觉印象;appear 指外表给人的印象;这两者可能是真象也可能是假象,appear 的不确定性更大一些。seem 侧重指根据某种迹象作出的推断,也不一定是事实。
2. 从句型搭配和用法上看:
(1) 三者均可后接不定式,但 look 之后一般只限于 to be (且较少见)。如:
正:He seems [appears,looks] to be tired. 他好像很累了。
正:He seems [appears] to have travelled a lot. 他似乎去过不少地方。
误:He looks to have travelled a lot.
(2) look, seem 之后可接介词 like,但 appear 之后一般不能。如:
He looks [seems] like a fool. 他看起来像个大傻瓜。
(3) appear 和 seem 不用于进行时态,但 look 有时可这样用。如:
正:He looks [is looking] well. 他看上去气色不错。
误:He is seeming [appearing] well.
(4) 三者均可用于 it 开头的句子,且三者之后均可接以 as if 或 as though 引导的从句,另外 appear 和 seem 之后还可接 that 引导的从句。如:
It looks [seems,appears] as if he has lost interest in his job. 看来他对自己的工作已失去了兴趣。
It seems [appears] that he is very tired. 他似乎很累了。
注:后接 that 从句时,有时可用 so,not 代之。如:
A:Are they reliable? 他们可靠吗?
B:It seems [appears] so (not). 似乎是可靠的(不可靠)。
另外,比较以下同义句型:
It seems [appears] that he is ill.=He seems [appears] to be ill. 他似乎病了。
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