文都2006年春季英语六级讲义—重点语法复习

5．一致性

1）时态一致

2）主谓一致

（1）时间，重量，长度，价值，面积，体积可以是单数

（2）and表示一个整体，用单数

bread and butter, cup and saucer, knife and fork, ebb and flow, needle and thread, trial and error, law and order

（3）people, police, cattle, poultry, militia, youth通常为复数；public, family, committee, audience, choir, class, club, company, council, crew, firm, gang,  school, staff, union, board, flock, government, jury可单可复

（4）any, anybody, anyone, anything, each, either, every, everybody, everyone,  everything, neither, nobody, no one, nothing, somebody, someone, something

（5）with, together with, as well as, like, but, except, accompanied by, in addition to, rather than, besides, as much as

（6）either．．．or, neither．．．nor, not only．．．but also, not．．．but

（7）a number of, the number of

6． 形容词和副词

1）形容词的词序：限定词（冠词，代词，所有格形式） +数词或last, next等+一般描述性形容词+大小，长短，高低+形状+年龄，新旧+颜色+国籍，地区，出处+物质材料+用途，类别+名词中心词

a bright red silk dress, a beautiful large green Chinese carpet

2）比较级和最高级

7．逻辑关系表达方式

（1）以when, whenever, as, since, till, until, before, after, as soon as, once, the moment, the instant, immediately, the day, no sooner．．．than, hardly/scarcely．．．when, instantly, every time, the minute, the second等引导的时间状语从句：

Susan worked in the library until she transferred（调转，调任）to the Advanced Training Center of State Power Corporation．

I'll ring you up as soon as I get an answer from Charlie．

Once she has made up her mind, Ross will never change．

Arthur and Molly were lovers when they were at college．

注意：when, while和as 引导时间状语从句时用法上的区别。

When既可表示一时性的动作又可表示持续的动作；while不能表示一时性或短暂的动作，只能表示持续性的动作或状态；as则表示两个动作同时进行或一个动作和一个状态同时进行。如：

As Professor Li entered, the hall burst into thunderous applause（雷鸣般的掌声） ．

Till和until用法上的异同。

Till可用作及物动词，如：Farmers till the land．（农夫种田）；until则不能用作动词；until 比till强调，故用于句首时通常用until而不用till，在口语中常用till而不用until; Not until的强倒装调句式不能用till替换，但注意not until开头的强调结构用于It is （was）…that 这一强调句中时，从句和主句的主谓均不倒装。如：It was not until Grace fell asleep that I left the room．

（2）由从属连词where, wherever, everywhere引导的地点状语从句表示的从属结构：

Wherever you go, I will be with you．

（3）由if, unless, providing/provided （that）, as long as, so long as, on condition that, suppose, supposing that, in case, if only引导的条件状语从句。