应试亮剑 2009年6月英语六级翻译指导及练习(9)

　　3)除此之外，汉语还存在一种"怪现象"，即：用主动语态来表达被动意义。例如"在......中"嵌入及物动词可用于表示被动意义。这种情况在译成英语时，既可以选择被动语态也可以选择主动语态。

　　例9 新住宅在建造中。

　　译文：New houses are being built/ are building.

　　例10 新教材在印刷中。

　　译文：New textbooks are being printed/ are printing.

　　Exercise Nine

　　1. It is time ________________ (有关当局采取适当的措施来解决交通问题的时候了).

　　2. In the sports meeting, _______________ (他替换了那个受伤的运动员).

　　3. _________________ (尽管这对老夫妇生活简朴)，they enjoy true happiness.

　　4.The teacher always told us that ________________(我们必须把所学到的知识应用于实际工作中).

　　5. Since the examination is around the corner，________________(我不得不放弃做运动).

　　1. (that)the authorities concerned took proper steps to solve the traffic problems

　　解析：本题考点有两个。第一，考查"是......的时候了"的用法。翻译成英语可以说：It is time to do something或It is time that sb. did something.本句采用的是后一种虚拟语气句型。谓语部分要用过去时态。第二，"有关当局"应译成the authorities concerned。Concerned的意思是"有关的，有牵连的"，常用于名词后面，修饰该名词。concerning的意思是"关于"，通常不作后置定语。

　　2. he substituted for the injured player

　　解析："替换某人"要用substitute for sb. ，尽管汉语中只说"替换"，翻译时要补上介词for，以符合英语的要求。"替换"还有displace，replace，swap，take the place of，instead of等说法。这些表达之间有微妙的差别，考生要注意区分。

　　substitute(n./vi.) 代替;取代; 代替品

　　Nothing can substitute for the advice the doctor is able to give you.

　　substitute的用法是：substitute A for B，意为用A代替B;

　　replace 的用法是：replace A with B，意为用B代替A。

　　例句：

　　1. In manufacturing, cheaper materials are constantly being substituted for the better and more expensive kind.

　　2. The government decided to replace coal with gas.

　　练习

　　1. Nowadays plastic is often used to ______ for rubber. (看到for用substitute)

　　2. The team ______ James with John in the match today. (with用replace)

　　3. Despite the fact that the old couple leads a very plain life

　　解析：Despite有"尽管"之意，看似连词，实际上却是介词。相当于in spite of，一般后接名词，如：Despite the bad weather we enjoyed our holiday.(尽管天气不好，我们的假期仍过得很愉快。)原句需填入部分是一个单句，因此要用"despite the fact that..."结构。让步状语从句还可以用although引导，即：Although the old couple leads a very plain life.