2009年12月大学英语四六级考试语法精要(七)

　　4. 平行结构

　　在英语中，当两个或两个以上的同等成分(主语，谓语，宾语，表语，定语，状语，宾语补足语等)并列时，要求它们的词性或结构相同，即名词对名词，介词短语对介词短语，分词对分词，句子对句子等等。这就是英语的平行结构准则。一般在使用并列连词如and, but, or, neither … nor, either … or, not only .. but also, both … and, more(less) … than, as well as，rather… than等时，要注意不要违反平行结构准则。

　　He likes watching TV more than reading books.

　　The soldier preferred to die rather than surrender.

　　We saw Tom walking towards the river, taking off his clothes and plunging into the water.

　　Censorship prevents a movie from being shown or a book being sold.

　　5. 反意疑问句

　　在具体运用反意疑问句时应注意以下几点：

　　1) 如果陈述句部分是一个含有宾语从句的复杂句，则反意疑问部分的谓语动词和主语代词要与主句的谓语动词和主语相对应。

　　He never said she would come, did he?

　　You told me I had passed the exam, didn’t you?

　　但是如果陈述句部分是 “I (don’t) think, believe, suppose, imagine, expect, fancy, reckon等+宾语从句”的结构时，反意疑问部分的谓语动词和主语代词要与宾语从句的谓语动词和主语相对应，并且要注意否定的转移。