《西游记》

　　01

　　《西游记》是吴承恩写的一部神话小说(mythological novel)，讲述的是唐僧在三个徒弟孙悟空、猪八戒和沙僧的保护下去西天取经(to find the Buddhist scripture )的故事。

　　一路上，唐僧经常被妖怪(demon )捉走，性命垂危，因为它们相信吃了他的肉就可以长生不老，因而他的三个徒弟总要一次又一次地解救他。

　　在历经了九九81难之后，他们终于取得了真经，修炼成佛。1986年，这部小说被改编为电视剧，受到了广大观众的喜爱。

　　参考译文：

　　Journey to the Westis a mythological novel written by Wu Cheng'en which tells a story about Tangseng—the Master, who went to the West to find the Buddhist scripture under the protection of his three disciples- Monkey King, Pigsy and Sandy.

　　During the journey, Tangseng is often captured and has his life threatened, because the demons who capture him believe that if they eat Tangseng they can attain immortality. As a result, his three disciples always have to save him time and again.

　　After experiencing 81 difficulties, the four obtain the true scripture and become Buddha. In 1986，the novel was adapted into a TV series, which was very popular among the massive audience.

　　难点点拨：

　　1.徒弟孙悟空、猪八戒和沙僧:有固定的译法，分别为Monkey King，Pigsy和Sandy。这里的“徒弟”翻译为disciples (门徒，弟子)最为恰当。

　　2.在...的保护下:应译为 under the protection of...

　　3.性命垂危:不可翻译为somebody's life is very dangerous,而应译为have one's life threatened,即“生命受到威胁”。

　　4.长生不老:有多种译法，既可译为live forever,也可译为be immortal或 attain immortality。

　　5.九九81难:可译为81 difficulties。文中的九九表达的意思和81是一样的， 所以译文中可以不体现。

　　6.修炼成佛:直接译为become Buddha即可。除表示“佛像”之外，Buddha 在表示“佛”的时候单复数形式相同。

　　《西游记》

　　02

　　《西游记》(Journey to the West)是中国四大名著之一。16世纪90年代，明朝时期，《西游记》匿名出版，虽然没有现存证据直接证明该书作者，但20世纪以来，人们一直认为作者是学者吴承恩。

　　这部小说是关于唐朝佛教和尚玄奘，为取得佛教经书(Buddhist scriptures)，前往印度的朝圣之旅。

　　观音菩萨(the Bodhisattva Guanyin)受佛祖指令，将西行取经的任务交给玄奘和三个负责保护玄奘的徒弟—孙悟空、猪八戒、沙悟净，还有一个龙太子变做玄奘的坐骑。

　　这四人同意帮助玄奘西行，也是为他们犯下的罪行进行忏悔。

　　参考译文：

　　Journey to the Westis one of the Four Great Classical Novels in China. Published first anonymously in the 1590s during the Ming Dynasty，and even though there is no direct evidence of its authorship, it has been said that the author is Wu Cheng'en since the 20th century.

　　The novel is about the legends of the Buddhist monk Xuanzang’s pilgrimage to India during the Tang dynasty in order to obtain Buddhist scriptures.

　　Instructed by the Buddha, the Bodhisattva Guanyin assigns this task to the monk and his three protectors in the form of disciples, namely Monkey King, Pigsy and Sandy, together with a dragon prince who acts as Xuanzang's horse.

　　These four characters have agreed to help Xuanzang go to the West as confession for their past sins.

　　难点点拨：

　　1.《西游记》:可译为Journey to the West或Pilgrimage to the West,可以理解为“向西的旅行”或“向西的朝圣之旅”。

　　2.四大名著:可译为the Four Great Classical Novels。

　　3.前往印度的朝圣之旅:可译为pilgrimage to India。其中pilgrimage意为“朝圣之旅”。

　　4.负责保护玄奘的徒弟:可译为his three protectors in the form of disciples。

　　《红楼梦》

　　03

　　《红楼梦》(A Dream of Red Mansions)是曹雪芹在18世纪中期的作品。它不仅是一部中国小说的巨作，同时也是世界文学的瑰宝。

　　曹雪芹出生于一个由极富没落到极贫的贵族权势家族。

　　基于他对生活的理解、进步的思想、认真的写作态度和高超的写作技能，他才能创作出《红楼梦》。

　　这本书描述了一个封建大家庭的生活及其没落，小说中所写的家庭既是现实的反映，又是曹雪芹自己家庭的小说化或者“梦”般的写照。

　　参考译文：

　　A Dream of Red Mansions was written by Cao Xueqin in the middle of the 18th century. It is not only a great Chinese novel but also a gem of world literature.

　　Cao Xueqin was born into a noble family which declined from extreme prosperity to poverty.

　　Based on his own understanding of life, progressive ideas, serious writing attitude and excellent writing skills, he was able to createA Dream of Red Mansions.

　　The book describes the life and declining fortunes of a large feudal family, which is both a realistic reflection and a fictional or "dream” version of Cao's family.

　　难点点拨：

　　1.它不仅是一部中国小说的巨作，同时也是世界文学的瑰宝：“不仅...也…”可译为not only...but also"。

　　2.曹雪芹出生于一个由极富没落到极贫的贵族权势家族：“出生于”可译为固定短语be born into。

　　3.这本书描述了一个封建大家庭的生活及其没落：“一个封建大家庭”可译为a large feudal family, “没落”可译为declining fortunes。

　　《红楼梦》

　　04

　　《红楼梦》写成于18世纪,是中国古典小说的巅峰。

　　这部文学作品小说以贾、史、王、薛四大家族的兴衰为背景,以贵族青年贾宝玉与林黛玉爱情婚姻悲剧为主线,生动再现了中国封建社会晚期的风俗习惯、人文地理、社会政治。

　　小说塑造了大量的人物形象，全面描绘了封建社会各个阶层的生活状态。

　　《红楼梦》 被公认为中国古典四大名著之首，也被称为中国封建社会的百科全书。

　　《红楼梦》具有很高的历史研究的价值,自问世以来就以其无穷的魅力吸引着一代又一代学者的关注和研究。

　　参考译文：

　　A Dream of Red Mansions, written in the 18th century, is the peak of Chinese classical novels.

　　Based on the rise and fall of the four major families / clans of Jia, Shi, Wang and Xue, and taking the love and marriage tragedy between Jia Baoyu and Lin Daiyu as the main line, the novel vividly reproduces the customs, human geography and social politics of the late period of Chinese feudal society.

　　The novel portrays a large number of characters and depicts the living conditions of people from all walks of life in the feudal society in an all-around way.

　　It is universally believed to top the four classical Chinese Masterpieces, and also known as the Encyclopedia of Chinese feudal society.

　　A Dream of Red Mansions has/enjoys/ be of great value of historical research. Since its publication/appearance, it has attracted the attention/concern and research of

　　generations of scholars with its infinite charm.

　　难点点拨：

　　1.巅峰: peak / climax / pinnacle / prime / top / highlight

　　2. 文学作品：literary works;book;novel

　　3. 兴衰：rise and decline / fall;

　　4. 主线：principal / main line / plot

　　5. 封建社会：feudal society

　　6. 风俗习惯：social customs

　　7. 人文地理：human geography

　　8. 社会政治：social politics

　　9. 塑造：model; build; portray; shape; create

　　10. 全面：overall; comprehensive; all-round

　　11. 描绘：describe; display; depict

　　12. 各个阶层: people from all walks of life

　　13. 公认：universally acknowledged; accepted

　　14. 被称为：be known as; be called; be recognized as; be referred to as

　　《水浒传》

　　05

　　《水浒传》是中国古典四大名著之一，问世后，在社会上产生了巨大的影响，成了后世中国小说创作的典范。

　　全书通过描写梁山好汉反抗欺压、水泊梁山壮大和受宋朝招安，以及受招安后为宋朝征战，最终消亡的宏大故事，满腔热情地歌颂了起义英雄的反抗斗争和他们的社会理想。

　　《水浒传》是中国历史上最早用白话文写成的章回小说之一，同时也是汉语言文学中具备史诗特征的作品之一，对中国乃至东亚的叙事文学都有极其深远的影响。

　　参考译文：

　　Water Margin is one of the four classic Chinese classics. After it was published, it had a huge impact on society and became a model of Chinese novel creation in later generations.

　　The book describes the great story of Liangshan heroes resisting oppression, the growth of marshes of Mount Liang and the enlistment of the Song Dynasty, as well as the grand story of the final demise after fighting for the Song Dynasty. It enthusiastically praises the rebellion heroes' struggle and their social ideals.

　　Water Margin is one of the first chapter stories written in vernacular in Chinese history, and it is also one of the works with epic characteristics in Chinese literature. It has a profound influence on narrative literature in China and even East Asia.

　　难点点拨：

　　1. 《水浒传》：Water Margin

　　2. 水泊梁山：marshes of Mount Liang

　　3. 反抗欺压：resist oppression

　　4. 社会理想：social ideal

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