02.1
Sporting activities are essentially modified forms of hunting
behavior. Viewing biologically, the modern footballer is revealed as a S1.________
member of a disguised hunting pack. His killing weapon has turned into
a harmless football and his prey into a goal-mouth. If his aim is inaccurate S2.________
and he scores a goal, enjoys the hunter's triumph of killing his prey. S3._________
To understand how this transformation has taken place we
must briefly look up at our ancient ancestors. They spent over a S4.________
million year evolving as co-operative hunters. Their very survival S5._______
depended on success in the hunting-field. Under this pressure their whole
way of life, even if their bodies, became radically changed. They became S6.________
chasers, runners, jumpers, aimers, throwers and prey-killers.
They co-operate as skillful male-group attackers. S7.________
Then, about ten thousand years ago, when this immensely long S8.________
formative period of hunting for food, they became farmers. Their
improved intelligence, so vital to their old hunting life, were put to a new S9._______
use-that of penning ( 把……关在圈中), controlling and domesticating
their prey. The food was there on the farms, awaiting their needs. The
risks and uncertainties of farming were no longer essential for survival. S10._______
02.6
A great many cities are experiencing difficulties which
are nothing new in the history of cities, except in their scale.
Some cities have lost their original purpose and have not found
new one. And any large or rich city is going to attract poor S1._________
immigrants, who flood in, filling with hopes of prosperity S2._________
which are then often disappointing. There are backward towns
on the edge of Bombay or Brasilia, just as though there were S3._________
on the edge of seventeenth-century London or early nine-
teenth-century Paris. This is new is the scale. Descriptions S4._________
written by eighteenth-century travelers of the poor of Mexico
City, and the enormous contrasts that was to be found there, S5._________
are very dissimilar to descriptions of Mexico City today - the S6._________
poor can still be numbered in millions.
The whole monstrous growth rests on economic prosperity,
but behind it lies two myths: the myth of the city as a S7._________
promised land, that attracts immigrants from rural poverty S8._________
and brings it flooding into city centers, and the myth of the S9._________
country as a Garden of Eden, which, a few generations late, S10._________
sends them flooding out again to the suburbs.
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