2010年12月英语四级冲刺：听力段落题考试经验

 　　二、四六级段落题中常见的重要信息提示语

　　听者在听音过程中要积极思维、快速反应，特别要注意表示句与句之间关系的信息提示语，并借此发现句与句之间的逻辑关系，确定重要信息。听者要想从结构上把握篇章，就要顺着指示语预期何时可能开始谈论一个话题、何时出现讲述的重点以及何时可能转换话题，请注意以下的信息提示语。

　　1. 数字信息及相关事实：普通数字、小数、分数、百分比、价格、比率、年代、时刻

　　1)The earth's crust is divided into seven sections.

　　2)There are only 24 well qualified male students at the Deep Spring College.

　　3)A job interview usually lasts from 30 to 45 minutes.

　　4)Middle English extended from about 1100 to about 1475.

　　5)I taught my minority students English and Drama classes in high school for 20 years.

　　6)Dry ice was first manufactured in 1925.

　　7)Tuition will be on an average of 9 percent higher this year than last.

　　2. 因果关系提示语(原因为考查点)

　　1)因为，由于， 归因于(原因在后)

　　as…, since…, because…, now that…, considering…, given…, for reason that…,the reason why…is…, because of…, owing to…, on account of…, as a result of…, for the sake of…, due to…, result from…, thanks to…, attribute…to…

　　2)导致，引起，成为…原因(原因在前)

　　…cause…, …lead to…, …bring about…, …contribute to…, …result in…, …account for…, trigger off…, …responsible for…, …to blame for…

　　3)因此，所以(原因在前)

　　…and so…, …Therefore…, …Thus…, …Hence…, …As a result…, …That’s why…, …For this reason…, …Accordingly…, …As a consequence…, …Consequently…, so… that…, too…to…

　　3. 观点提出及列举

　　1)观点论题的提出：

　　Today, I'm going to discuss/ introduce/ talk about/ explain……

　　My speech will focus upon/center around/concentrate on……

　　The subject/topic/propose for today’s lecture/discussion is……

　　Today, people are increasingly concerned about/aware of the gravity of……

　　When it comes to……

　　2)话题的另外一个方面或反面

　　Another point I want to mention is ……

　　In addition ..., Besides ..., Apart from ..., Aside from ..., Moreover ..., Furthermore ...,What"s more…

　　On the contrary ..., However ..., But on the other hand..., Conversely ..., By contrast …, ...whereas ... A totally different picture lies in...

　　3)列举话题的各个方面

　　First/Firstly... …Second/Secondly... …Third/Thirdly… ... Lastly……

　　To begin with.….. Next…… Furthermore…... Finally….

　　In the first place.….. In the second place…... Moreover…... By the way….

　　Above all…... In addition…... Then.….. Afterward…... Last but not least….

　　On the one hand… ... On the other hand….

　　For one thing…... For another….

　　4)话题结束的总结语

　　In short/brief.……Briefly…...Summing up/To sum up…...Summarizing/To summarize…...To conclude…...In conclusion……As a result…...In general…...Generally speaking…...All in all…...By and large……On the whole…...On this basis…...Given all these aspects…...Everything considered…...Finally, it can be concluded/inferred/deduced that……

　　4. 论说文主题关键词

　　1)名词

　　The point / idea / view / opinion / truth / fact / cause / reason / problem / question / answer / solution / explanation / threat / challenge / dilemma / difficulty / method / gist / propose / object / goal / motive / attitude / reaction / plan / first step / only way / controversy / conflict / dispute / argument / proof / evidence / advice / suggestion / proposal / request / requirement / standard / limitation / decision / intention / effect / result / consequence / duty / responsibility / task / danger / trouble / crisis / barrier / hope / possibility / exception / surprise is ……

　　2)动词

　　point out / advance / suggest / advice / emphasize / comment / explain / require / conclude / insist / maintain / hold it true that / believe / stick to / criticize / refute / prove / try to / attempt to / intend to / plan to / dream of / decide to / resolve to / determine to / object to / support / advocate / approve / agree / disapprove / disagree / prefer / claim / declare / deny / admit / endanger / mean

　　3)形容词(所有形容词的最高级形式)

　　important / essential / critical / vital / dangerous / indispensable / necessary / urgent / best / biggest / serious / severe / grave / possible / impossible / likely / unlikely / surprised / unexpected / unusual / disappointed / desperate / special / unique / different / distinctive / direct / difficult / rare

　　4)其它特殊表达方式

　　the only / the first / the last / except / with the exception of / especially / but / however / nevertheless / otherwise / unless / only if / so long as / on condition that / actually / as a matter of fact