三、写作要领
1、审题构思，在获取一个文章题目后，首先根据题目要求进行思维联想，分析题目表达的主要内容和主旨。
2、谋篇构段，草拟提纲。通过分析题目的内容和主旨，将大脑中形成的信息、资料，分类整理，列出写作提纲、主题句，进行文章段落的筹划（三段作文法）
3、组段成篇，初步成文。将以上的构思内容、提纲、相关主题句，通过句子扩展，初步整理形成一篇草稿文字。
4、加工修改，润色定稿。对文章草稿修改润色，以加强文章的说明力及感染力。
请看下面的例子：
DIRECTIONS：
A．Title: Develop Western Regions
B．Time Limit: 50 minutes
C．Word Limit: no less than 200 words (not including the given sentence)
D．Your composition should be based on the OUTLINE below
E．Your composition must be written clearly on the ANSWER SHEET
OUTLINE：
1．The significance and importance of developing west regions
2．The cause of its underdevelopment and the present situations
3．The prospects of the West China
成文：
Develop Western Regions
The large scale development of West China is of profound significance. First, it will open a broad development space for central and eastern regions. Besides, it’s critical to China’s overall economic rise. What’s more, it’s the only effective way to decrease the imbalance of economic development in the ease and west so as to revitalize our nation.
There are various reasons why the landlocked west has lagged behind in its economic development. The chief reason, I think, is that the opening up policies enable the east to lure more foreign capital and make a fantastic spur in its development. As a result, it leaves the west far behind in its economic growth. In addition, the west’s unique unfavorable geographic positions greatly limit its development. Therefore, the gaps between the west and the east have been widened since China’s reform. In fact, many regions in the west will still remain comparatively underdeveloped. To illustrate, most of the 30 million poor populations, who still have subsistence problems, live there. Moreover, currently the per capital GDP in West China is only about 60% of national average. And the vast West China makes less contribution to the nation’s development. If left unchanged, the underdevelopment in the west will greatly affect overall prosperity and even social stability.
However, the western region development is a long-term systematic project. It calls for tremendous effort of several generations. To sum up, our chief goal is to build West China with economic prosperity, social progress, political stability and beautiful landscape. Finally, I believe the west will catch up with the east in its economic development in the near future.
（269 Words）
课后练习
列出下列作文题目的提纲：
1、Develop Our Creative Mind
2、Science and Superstition
3、Do Clothes Make a Man?
4、My Favorite Form of Entertainment
5、The Importance of Self-education
第二单元 十句作文法
一、十句作文法基本模式
“十句作文法”是由有关专家总结出来的一种高分作文方法，同学在经过短期培训后就可将成绩较大幅度提高。因此在这里加以推荐和介绍，掌握好这种方法，对短时间内写出一篇高分作文十分有帮助。
需要指出的是所谓十句作文法并非一定十句，从很多高分作文来分析，句子数量分布在10句至15句范围（依句子长短和结构不同而不同）。如以每个句子平均10---15个单词来计算，便能用10---15个句子完成一篇要求200字左右的作文。
其基本模式为：
第一段（开头段） 主旨句（句1）、扩展句（句2）
第二段（中间段） 主题句（句3）、扩展句（句4）、扩展句（句5）、扩展句（句6）、扩展句（句7）、扩展句（句8）、小结句（句9）
第三段（结尾段） 结尾句（句10）
EXAMPLE 1
Television
Television presents a vivid world in front of us.(1)(主旨句) Through TV, we can learn what is happening half way across the world. (2)(扩展句)
Television also plays an important educational role in our daily life.(3)(主题句) For one thing, the TV university provides an opportunity for many young men who can not go to formal universities.(4)(扩展句) For another, children can broaden their scope of knowledge by watching such popular programs as “The Animal World”, and “The Mickey Mouse and Duck Donald”.(5)(扩展句) Besides, women can learn about the latest fashion of dresses and the best recipe for making fruit cakes.(6)(扩展句) Furthermore, we learn many world advanced technologies from TV programs such as computer and telecommunication.(7)(扩展句) And also we can learn singing, dancing and doing physical exercises in some special TV training courses.(8)(扩展句) In short, the effect of TV’s educational role is becoming more and more obvious.(9)(小结句)
Having viewed these several aspects, and with many more TV programs produced, I believe that our life will become even more significant.(10)(总结句)
（192 Words）
EXAMPLE 2
Changes in People’s Diet
There have been some changes nowadays in the diet of the Chinese.(1)(主旨句) For example, grain, the main food of most people in China, is now playing a less important role, while the consumption of high-nutrition food such as milk, meat has increased.(2)(扩展句)
The changes in diet can be accounted for by a number of factors.(3)(主题句) First, people are much wealthier than before.(4)(扩展句) With a higher income, they can afford to buy good foods which, in the past, were rarely seen on the dinner tables of ordinary families.(5)(扩展句) Another factor is that people have realized the importance of a balanced diet to their health.(6)(扩展句) Lack of certain amount of meat or milk, for example, will result in poor health.(7)(扩展句) Finally, owing to the economic reform, meat and milk, which were scarce in the past, are produced in large quantities.(8)(扩展句) For all those reasons, what was formerly called “the basket of vegetables” has become that of varied foods.(9)(小结句)
To sum up, insignificant as those changes may seem, they are the signs of the improved economic condition in China, and we believe that as the effort in the modernization movement continues, there will be greater changes in people’s diet in the future.(10)(总结句)
(226 Words)
EXAMPLE 3
Computers---Our Electronic Brain
Nowadays computers have been widely used in China.(1)(主旨句) We can easily find all kinds of computers everywhere, especially in large cities.(2)(扩展句) Many Chinese usually call PC computers electronic brains.(3)(扩展句) Computers have become our faithful friends and companions because they can help us so much.(4)(扩展句)
Computers are useful in may ways.(5)(主题句) As we all know, scientists use computers to run experiments, analyze data and solve large equations.(6)(扩展句) Engineers use computers to automatically control complicated industrial production, design circuits and machine parts or even spaceships.(7)(扩展句) Writers and editors use computers to write books, edit newspapers and magazines.(8)(扩展句) And office workers use computers to write manage files, send and receive emails, conduct statistical surveys of all kinds of information, etc.(9)(扩展句) Computers are also widely used at homes.(10)(扩展句) Small kids use it to do homework, to surf internet, and to play games.(11)(扩展句) The list of computer application is really endless, and more new applications are still developing.(12)(段落小结句)
In short, computers do a variety of jobs from routine office work to research work of science and technology.(13)(总结句) Though computers do not think intelligently as men, with good software they can carry out missions impossible for human beings.(14)(扩展句) In the information age, without computer, it would be difficult to imagine modern life.(15)(扩展句)
（218 Words）
二、十句作文法句子评析说明
主旨句指的是整篇文章的主题和写作的“大前提”，一般放在语篇起始处，而且一般都在第一段。举例如下：
1、The lengthy holidays have caused unexpected great travel craze and brisk economic activities. Holiday spending, however, adds fuel to the Chinese economy, which in turn leads to the creation of a new term “Holiday Economy”. But, Meanwhile, it sparks a hot debate about it.
2、Nowadays, with the rapid development of IT and information industry, cell phones play an important role in townspeople’s life. But, like everything else, they have both favorable and unfavorable aspects.
主题句一般位于句首，表明段落所表述的主要意思，其他句子围绕它来扩展。举例如下：
1、However, others point out the constant use of such an electronic dictionaries may cause many problem. First, the definitions in the entries are very limited. In addition, there are not enough explanations, patterns, or examples to illustrate the correct usage of a word. Sometimes, some explanations are so simple that they may cause misunderstanding. Last but not least, the constant use of this study aid can make people too much attached to the dictionary and become lazy, which will lead them to form a passive, lazy attitude towards learning.
2、From primary school to college, students, teachers, parents---all are struggling for high scores. This is because the current education system is not aimed at students’ quality, but only at developing their ability to perform well on the test. As a result, many students, even those with high scores, often do poorly when it comes to the practical application of the knowledge and theories they have learned.
扩展句（包括实例说明句、观点推导句、过渡句）泛指那些用来解释和支持主题句的陈述语句。举例如下：
1、In the first place, an airplane is the fastest means of transport. It takes the time for one to travel from one place to another. Secondly, traveling by air is convenient and comfortable. Moreover, long-distance flights may render busy persons a full self-relaxation. （实例说明句）
2、Through tourism, China has, on the one hand, had her culture spread to and known by the world. On the other, tourism has increased China’s national income, and at the same time, provided much more employment for our nation. In one word, it has made great contributions to our national development. （观点推导句）
3、However, some problems have also arisen from tuition and fees for college education. Specifically, some fees have been overcharged by…… （过渡句）
结束句（总结句）表示语篇写作所需要的“结论”，特指一些劝说力强、具有总结、概括性的语句。举例如下：
1、In our view, since China opened up in reform, we have had better understanding of the culture, history, and literature of American, and we have learned about a lot of American Presidents.
2、First, the government should lay counter-laws to stop the operation of commercial fishing. Second, it is a world problem, so all the governments must determine to punish people who will fish too much. To conclude, it is clear that the future for fish will be bright with the solution of the problem.
