(四) 倒装句
英语的句子在以下几种情况下可以倒装。
1.否定词位于句首时
1) I have never been to Europe.
2) He had hardly eaten anything before the dinner was over.
3) She had scarcely fallen asleep when a knock at the door awakened her.
4) Anne had arrived no sooner than she fell ill.
5) She cares little about what others say about her.
2.so, nor, neither等词位于句首，表明前句说明的情况也适用于本句时
1) Richard can speak Japanese. His sister can speak Japanese, too.
2) Copper is a good conductor. Many other metals are good conductors, too.
3) Paul could not dance, and he could not sing either.
4) The husband was not hospitable to the visitor. And the wife did not say a word of welcome either.
3.含有so...that结构的句子将so引导的部分位于句首时
1) He was so excited that he could not go to sleep.
2) He spoke so forcefully at the meeting that everyone present was convinced.
3) He worked so hard that he obtained his Ph. D. degree one year ahead of schedule.
4.only引出的状语位于句首时
1) His father called his name only once.
2) The doctor realized only then that his patient needed surgery.
3) We can conclude the business only when you adjust down your price.
5.主语部分过长或上下文需要衔接时
1) The young father who wished to purchase a life insurance policy and agreed to pay a sum of $200 per year for 40 years was sitting in front of the counter.
2) The question of how to face the possibilities of illness, injury, death and financial loss is more
important.
3) The writing of a dictionary involves a number of tasks. The reading of literature, the copying
of words on cards, the sorting of the cards and the writing of definitions are among them.
(五) 被动句
英语中被动句的使用远远多于汉语。以下几种情况英语都用被动语态：(1)不知道动作的执行者;(2)没有必要指出或不想指出动作的执行者;(3)虽然需要同时指出动作的执行者但更强调动作的承受者。
将下列句子改为被动形式。
1) They saw Joe’s father return after dark.
2) They do not allow you to smoke in the laboratory.
3) We should take effective measures to stop various forms of pollution.
4) When she was in Shanghai we heard the actress say she had long thought of the city as her second home.
5) People saw the young man enter the building next to the bank.
6) After the minister of education had finished speaking at the press conference, people made him answer all sorts of questions.
7) I don’t think anyone can make Tom do what he dislikes.
8) I heard the wind roar through the trees.
9) What should one do in a case like this?
(六) 强调句
改写下列句子，强调划线部分。
1) Jefferson wrote the Declaration of Independence.
2) The author praises all that is progressive with genuine(真实的) feeling.
3) We could not cross the river because the water had risen.
4) Jim, a heartless fellow, was heard shouting at his mother in the dead of night(在深夜).
5) Mrs. Williams didn't know anything about it until I told her.
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